---
title: prose — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «prose» in the school dictionary: Prose is ordinary written or spoken language in sentences and paragraphs, not in the lines and rhythm of poetry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# prose

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Prose, you, newspaper article, We, Most · **What happens:** write, speak, be, rewrite, compare, sound · **To what, where:** ordinary written language, sentences, writing style, Novels, prose, poem · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«prose» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [prose in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/prose.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prose is ordinary written or spoken language in sentences and paragraphs, not in the lines and rhythm of poetry.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:m1:1
# text = Prose is ordinary written or spoken language in sentences and paragraphs, not in the lines and rhythm of poetry.
1	Prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	paragraphs	paragraph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Prose | ordinary written language |  | sentences and paragraphs and the lines and rhythm of poetry |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A writer's prose is their writing style.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:m2:1
# text = A writer's prose is their writing style.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a writer's prose | their writing style |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Novels are written in prose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x1:1
# text = Novels are written in prose.
1	Novels	novel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Novels |  | prose |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in prose=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rewrite the poem in prose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x2:1
# text = Rewrite the poem in prose.
1	Rewrite	rewrite	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rewrite** | imperative | you *not said here* | the poem |  | prose |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her prose is clear and lively.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x3:1
# text = Her prose is clear and lively.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her prose |  |  |  |  | clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Her prose *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A newspaper article is prose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x4:1
# text = A newspaper article is prose.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a newspaper article | prose |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We compared a poem with a prose passage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x5:1
# text = We compared a poem with a prose passage.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	compared	compare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | past | We | a poem |  |  |  | with a prose passage | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent poem=Patient with passage=Co-Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most of our reading books are prose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x6:1
# text = Most of our reading books are prose.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Most of our reading books | prose |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This would have sounded somewhat bold in prose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prose:x7:1
# text = This would have sounded somewhat bold in prose.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	sounded	sound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	somewhat	somewhat	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	prose	prose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | would · perfect · passive |  | This |  |  |  | bold *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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