---
title: protectorate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «protectorate» in the school dictionary: A country or area that is controlled and protected by a stronger country, while keeping some of its own rulers: «Brunei was a British protectorate.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# protectorate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Brunei, Protectorate, Many countries, Solomon Islands, Oliver, stronger country · **What happens:** control, protect, keep, be, rule, defend · **To what, where:** country, some, British protectorate, England, own leader, defence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«protectorate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [protectorate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/protectorate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A country or area that is controlled and protected by a stronger country, while keeping some of its own rulers: «Brunei was a British protectorate.».

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:m1:1
# text = A country or area that is controlled and protected by a stronger country, while keeping some of its own rulers: «Brunei was a British protectorate.».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	controlled	control	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
17	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Brunei	Brunei	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | present · passive |  | a country or area |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a stronger country | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund |  | some |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Brunei | a British protectorate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The relationship of such protection and control.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:m2:1
# text = The relationship of such protection and control.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Protectorate: the time from 1653 to 1659 when Oliver Cromwell and then his son ruled England, Scotland and Ireland as «Lord Protector».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:m3:1
# text = The Protectorate: the time from 1653 to 1659 when Oliver Cromwell and then his son ruled England, Scotland and Ireland as «Lord Protector».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Protectorate	Protectorate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1653	1653	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1659	1659	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
11	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
12	Cromwell	Cromwell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Protector	protector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the Protectorate | England and Scotland and Ireland |  |  |  | as Lord Protector | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent england=Result |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many countries in Africa were once protectorates of European powers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:x1:1
# text = Many countries in Africa were once protectorates of European powers.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	protectorates	protectorate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Many countries in Africa |  |  |  |  | once protectorates; of European powers | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Solomon Islands were a British protectorate until independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:x2:1
# text = The Solomon Islands were a British protectorate until independence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	until	until	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	independence	independence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Solomon Islands | a British protectorate |  |  | until independence |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oliver Cromwell ruled during the Protectorate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:x3:1
# text = Oliver Cromwell ruled during the Protectorate.
1	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Cromwell	Cromwell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Protectorate	Protectorate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Oliver |  |  |  | during the Protectorate |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A protectorate keeps its own leader but a stronger country controls its defence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:x4:1
# text = A protectorate keeps its own leader but a stronger country controls its defence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	controls	control	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | a protectorate | protectorate's own leader |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Theme |
| 2 | **control** | present | a stronger country | protectorate's defence |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defence=Theme |
| 3 | **defend** |  | protectorate |  |  |  |  |  | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The island became a protectorate after the treaty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:x5:1
# text = The island became a protectorate after the treaty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	protectorate	protectorate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the island | a protectorate |  |  | after the treaty |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our history topic compared colonies and protectorates.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protectorate:x6:1
# text = Our history topic compared colonies and protectorates.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	compared	compare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	protectorates	protectorate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | past | Our history topic | colonies and protectorates |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colony=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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