---
title: protoceratops — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «protoceratops» in the school dictionary: A small plant-eating dinosaur from Mongolia and China, about the size of a sheep, with a parrot-like beak and a bony frill at the back of its head; it lived about 75 million years ago. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# protoceratops

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** head, Protoceratops, famous fossil, Scientists · **What happens:** eat, live, have, be, show, fight · **To what, where:** beak, Protoceratops, Velociraptor, Gobi Desert, plants, Protoceratops nests

<!-- .vabout -->
«protoceratops» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [protoceratops in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/protoceratops.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small plant-eating dinosaur from Mongolia and China, about the size of a sheep, with a parrot-like beak and a bony frill at the back of its head; it lived about 75 million years ago.

<!-- fold The tree, 37 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:m1:1
# text = A small plant-eating dinosaur from Mongolia and China, about the size of a sheep, with a parrot-like beak and a bony frill at the back of its head; it lived about 75 million years ago.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mongolia	Mongolia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	about	about	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
21	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	frill	frill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
38	about	about	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
39	75	75	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	40	compound	_	_
40	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	41	nummod	_	_
41	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obl:unmarked	_	_
42	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **live** | past | head |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protoceratops had a beak like a parrot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:x1:1
# text = Protoceratops had a beak like a parrot.
1	Protoceratops	Protoceratops	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Protoceratops | a beak |  |  |  | like a parrot | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Protoceratops was about as big as a sheep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:x2:1
# text = A Protoceratops was about as big as a sheep.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Protoceratops	protoceratops	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | a Protoceratops |  |  |  |  | as a sheep; about, big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The famous fossil shows a Protoceratops fighting a Velociraptor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:x3:1
# text = The famous fossil shows a Protoceratops fighting a Velociraptor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Protoceratops	protoceratops	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the famous fossil | a Protoceratops |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent protoceratops=Recipient |
| 2 | **fight** | gerund | a Protoceratops *not said here* | a Velociraptor |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent velociraptor=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protoceratops lived in the Gobi Desert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:x4:1
# text = Protoceratops lived in the Gobi Desert.
1	Protoceratops	Protoceratops	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Gobi	Gobi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Desert	Desert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Protoceratops |  |  | the Gobi Desert |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in desert=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protoceratops ate plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:x5:1
# text = Protoceratops ate plants.
1	Protoceratops	protoceratops	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Protoceratops | plants |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists found Protoceratops nests and eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protoceratops:x6:1
# text = Scientists found Protoceratops nests and eggs.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Protoceratops	Protoceratops	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	nests	nest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Scientists | Protoceratops nests and eggs |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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