---
title: proton — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «proton» in the school dictionary: A tiny particle with a positive electric charge, found in the nucleus (centre) of every atom. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# proton

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hydrogen atom, Protons, number, Carbon, Scientists · **What happens:** find, have, tell, be, smash · **To what, where:** tiny particle, nucleus, one proton, positive charge, element, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«proton» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [proton in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/proton.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tiny particle with a positive electric charge, found in the nucleus (centre) of every atom.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:m1:1
# text = A tiny particle with a positive electric charge, found in the nucleus (centre) of every atom.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	particle	particle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	nucleus	nucleus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | a tiny particle  a positive electric charge *not said here* |  | the nucleus of every atom |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hydrogen atom has just one proton.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:x1:1
# text = A hydrogen atom has just one proton.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	proton	proton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a hydrogen atom | one proton |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proton=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protons have a positive charge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:x2:1
# text = Protons have a positive charge.
1	Protons	proton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Protons | a positive charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The number of protons tells you which element it is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:x3:1
# text = The number of protons tells you which element it is.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	protons	proton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	8	det	_	_
8	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the number of protons | which element | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient element=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present | number | which element *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot element=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carbon has six protons in its nucleus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:x4:1
# text = Carbon has six protons in its nucleus.
1	Carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	protons	proton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	nucleus	nucleus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Carbon | six protons |  | Carbon's nucleus |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proton=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:x5:1
# text = Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus.
1	Protons	proton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	neutrons	neutron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	nucleus	nucleus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Protons and neutrons |  |  | the nucleus |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists smash protons together in the Large Hadron Collider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proton:x6:1
# text = Scientists smash protons together in the Large Hadron Collider.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smash	smash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	protons	proton	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	Large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Hadron	Hadron	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Collider	Collider	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | present | Scientists | protons |  | the Large Hadron Collider |  | together *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent proton=Theme in collider=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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