---
title: protracted — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «protracted» in the school dictionary: Lasting a long time, often longer than expected or wanted. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# protracted

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** teachers, Grandpa, protracted rain, our, two countries, protracted argument · **What happens:** last, expect, want, protract, make, agree · **To what, where:** something, deal, protracted illness, camping trip, protracted war, meeting

<!-- .vabout -->
«protracted» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [protracted in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/protracted.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lasting a long time, often longer than expected or wanted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:m1:1
# text = Lasting a long time, often longer than expected or wanted.
1	Lasting	last	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	wanted	want	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **expect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **want** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb form — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past of «protract», to make something last longer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:m2:1
# text = Past of «protract», to make something last longer.
1	Past	past	ADP	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	protract	protract	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protract** *in a quote* | imperative |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After protracted talks, the teachers agreed a deal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x1:1
# text = After protracted talks, the teachers agreed a deal.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	talks	talk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | the teachers | a deal |  |  | after protracted talks |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent deal=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa recovered from a protracted illness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x2:1
# text = Grandpa recovered from a protracted illness.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recovered	recover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recover** | past | Grandpa |  |  | a protracted illness |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from illness=Source |
| 2 | **protract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The protracted rain ruined our camping trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x3:1
# text = The protracted rain ruined our camping trip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	camping	camping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ruin** | participle | the protracted rain | our camping trip |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Patient |
| 3 | **trip** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two countries fought a protracted war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x4:1
# text = The two countries fought a protracted war.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | the two countries | a protracted war |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **protract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The meeting was protracted and boring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x5:1
# text = The meeting was protracted and boring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protract** | past · passive |  | the meeting |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The protracted argument went on all afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x6:1
# text = The protracted argument went on all afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protract** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | past | the protracted argument |  |  |  | afternoon |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In vain she tried to tear the robe away; it defied all efforts to be removed, and after horrible and protracted sufferings, she expired.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:protracted:x7:1
# text = In vain she tried to tear the robe away; it defied all efforts to be removed, and after horrible and protracted sufferings, she expired.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	tear	tear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	defied	defy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	removed	remove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
20	after	after	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	horrible	horrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	protracted	protract	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	_
24	sufferings	suffering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
26	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	expired	expire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | she |  |  | vain |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **tear away** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | she *not said here* | the robe |  |  |  | away *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location robe=Theme |
| 3 | **defy** | past | robe | all efforts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **remove** | to-infinitive · passive | robe *not said here* | all efforts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP» |
| 5 | **protract** | participle | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **expire** | past | she |  |  |  | after horrible sufferings |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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