---
title: proverb — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «proverb» in the school dictionary: A proverb is a short, well-known saying that gives advice or states a truth about life, like "Look before you leap". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# proverb

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** proverb, short known saying, you, Proverbs, wise sayings, chickens · **What happens:** know, be, give, state, look, leap · **To what, where:** short known saying, advice, truth, book, many, chickens · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«proverb» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [proverb in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/proverb.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A proverb is a short, well-known saying that gives advice or states a truth about life, like "Look before you leap".

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:m1:1
# text = A proverb is a short, well-known saying that gives advice or states a truth about life, like "Look before you leap".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	saying	saying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	advice	advice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	states	state	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
22	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	_
24	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	leap	leap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a proverb | a short known saying |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | present | a short known saying | advice |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advice=Theme |
| 4 | **state** *speech: other* | present | a short known saying *not said here* | a truth |  |  |  | about life | tree rules |
| 5 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **leap** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Proverbs is a book of the Old Testament full of wise sayings, many linked with King Solomon.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:m2:1
# text = Proverbs is a book of the Old Testament full of wise sayings, many linked with King Solomon.
1	Proverbs	proverb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Testament	Testament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sayings	saying	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	linked	link	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Proverbs | a book |  |  |  | of the Old Testament | tree rules |
| 2 | **link** | participle · passive | wise sayings *not said here* | many |  |  |  | with King Solomon | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with solomon=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Don't count your chickens before they hatch" is a proverb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x1:1
# text = "Don't count your chickens before they hatch" is a proverb.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	chickens	chicken	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hatch	hatch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **count** *in a quote* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your chickens |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent chicken=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **hatch** *in a quote* | present | chickens *= chicken* |  |  |  |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | a proverb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My nan has a proverb for everything.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x2:1
# text = My nan has a proverb for everything.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	nan	nan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My nan | a proverb |  |  |  | for everything | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proverb=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Many hands make light work" means that a job is easier when people help.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x3:1
# text = "Many hands make light work" means that a job is easier when people help.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	nsubj	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	ccomp	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | present | Many hands | light work |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset work=Product |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | a job |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **help** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote our own proverbs in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x4:1
# text = We wrote our own proverbs in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	proverbs	proverb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | our own proverbs |  | class |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent proverb=Theme in class=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Bible) The book of Proverbs says that a gentle answer turns away anger.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x5:1
# text = (Bible) The book of Proverbs says that a gentle answer turns away anger.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Proverbs	Proverb	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
14	away	away	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the book of Proverbs |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **turn away** | present | a gentle answer | anger |  |  |  | away *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anger=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every language has its own proverbs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x6:1
# text = Every language has its own proverbs.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	proverbs	proverb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | every language | language's own proverbs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent proverb=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The proverb "Actions speak louder than words" means what you do matters more than what you say.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x7:1
# text = The proverb "Actions speak louder than words" means what you do matters more than what you say.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	14	obj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	matters	matter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
15	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	_
16	than	than	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | Actions | the proverb *not said here* |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the proverb |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **matter** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember the old proverb which says: ‘Bad wheat always makes poor bread!’”

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:proverb:x8:1
# text = Remember the old proverb which says: ‘Bad wheat always makes poor bread!’”
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	_
12	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
13	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* | the old proverb |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent proverb=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the old proverb |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | present | Bad wheat | poor bread |  |  |  | always *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material bread=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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