---
title: prune — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «prune» in the school dictionary: A prune is a dried plum, dark and wrinkly, eaten as a snack or cooked. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# prune

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** prune, bush, you, Grandpa, We, fingers · **What happens:** dry, be, eat, cook, prune, grow · **To what, where:** dried plum, tree, something, parts, prunes, apple tree

<!-- .vabout -->
«prune» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [prune in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/prune.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A prune is a dried plum, dark and wrinkly, eaten as a snack or cooked.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:m1:1
# text = A prune is a dried plum, dark and wrinkly, eaten as a snack or cooked.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prune	prune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wrinkly	wrinkly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	snack	snack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a prune | a dried plum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as a snack | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To prune a tree or bush is to cut off some branches so it grows better.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:m2:1
# text = To prune a tree or bush is to cut off some branches so it grows better.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prune	prune	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
16	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prune** | to-infinitive |  | a tree or bush |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cut *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | present | bush |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To prune something is to cut out parts you do not need, such as words in a story.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:m3:1
# text = To prune something is to cut out parts you do not need, such as words in a story.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	prune	prune	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prune** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cut *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **need** | present · do-support | you | parts and words in a story *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot part=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa likes prunes with his breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:x1:1
# text = Grandpa likes prunes with his breakfast.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prunes	prune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | Grandpa | prunes |  |  |  | with Grandpa's breakfast | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot prune=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We pruned the apple tree in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:x2:1
# text = We pruned the apple tree in winter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pruned	prune	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prune** | past | We | the apple tree |  |  | winter |  | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prunes are dried plums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:x3:1
# text = Prunes are dried plums.
1	Prunes	prune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	plums	plum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | present · passive |  | Prunes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the bath my fingers looked like prunes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:x4:1
# text = After the bath my fingers looked like prunes.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	prunes	prune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | my fingers |  |  |  | after the bath | like prunes | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prune your story so it is not too long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:x5:1
# text = Prune your story so it is not too long.
1	Prune	prune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	RB	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | story |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad pruned the hedge with shears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:prune:x6:1
# text = Dad pruned the hedge with shears.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pruned	prune	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	shears	shear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prune** | past | Dad | the hedge |  |  |  | with shears | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent hedge=Patient with shear=Instrument |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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