---
title: psalter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «psalter» in the school dictionary: A book containing the Psalms from the Bible, used for worship. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# psalter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** book, version, choir, monks, We, Gran · **What happens:** contain, use, set out, sing, say, copy · **To what, where:** Psalms, Bible, book, services, psalter, old psalter · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«psalter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [psalter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/psalter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A book containing the Psalms from the Bible, used for worship.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:m1:1
# text = A book containing the Psalms from the Bible, used for worship.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	containing	contain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Psalms	psalm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	worship	worship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | gerund | a book *not said here* | the Psalms |  | the Bible |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot psalm=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a book *not said here* |  |  |  | for worship | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A version of the Psalms set out to be sung or said in services.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:m2:1
# text = A version of the Psalms set out to be sung or said in services.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Psalms	Psalm	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set out** | past | a version of the Psalms |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive · passive | a version of the Psalms *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V» |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle | a version of the Psalms *not said here* |  |  | services |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent in service=Manner |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The choir sang from the psalter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x1:1
# text = The choir sang from the psalter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the choir |  |  | the psalter |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monks copied the psalter by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x2:1
# text = The monks copied the psalter by hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | the monks | the psalter |  |  |  | by hand | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent psalter=Theme by hand=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw an old psalter with gold pictures at the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x3:1
# text = We saw an old psalter with gold pictures at the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a old psalter |  | the museum |  | with gold pictures | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer psalter=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran keeps her psalter next to her prayer book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x4:1
# text = Gran keeps her psalter next to her prayer book.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	next	next	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Gran | Gran's psalter |  |  |  | next *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent psalter=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Psalms in the psalter are songs and prayers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x5:1
# text = The Psalms in the psalter are songs and prayers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Psalms	psalm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Psalms in the psalter | songs and prayers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each page of the psalter had a decorated letter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x6:1
# text = Each page of the psalter had a decorated letter.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	decorated	decorate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | each page of the psalter | a decorated letter |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Patient |
| 2 | **decorate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **page** |  |  | the psalter |  |  |  |  | nom page «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Now then," he says, "read away at your psalter."

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:psalter:x7:1
# text = "Now then," he says, "read away at your psalter."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	psalter	psalter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | he |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **read away** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | your psalter |  | away *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent at psalter=Value |

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