---
title: pterodactyl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pterodactyl» in the school dictionary: A pterodactyl is a flying reptile that lived at the time of the dinosaurs, with wings made of skin stretched from a long finger. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pterodactyl/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/) / pterodactyl

# pterodactyl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pterodactyl, flying reptile, We, Pterodactyls · **What happens:** fly, be, live, make, stretch, call · **To what, where:** flying reptile, wings, skin, long finger, everyday talk, sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pterodactyl» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pterodactyl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pterodactyl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pterodactyl is a flying reptile that lived at the time of the dinosaurs, with wings made of skin stretched from a long finger.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:m1:1
# text = A pterodactyl is a flying reptile that lived at the time of the dinosaurs, with wings made of skin stretched from a long finger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a pterodactyl | a flying reptile |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | past | a flying reptile |  |  |  | time | with wings | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with wing=Location |
| 4 | **make** | participle |  | wings *not said here* |  |  |  | of skin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **stretch** | participle |  | skin *not said here* |  | a long finger |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from finger=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In everyday talk, any flying reptile from that time (a pterosaur) is often called a pterodactyl.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:m2:1
# text = In everyday talk, any flying reptile from that time (a pterosaur) is often called a pterodactyl.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	everyday	everyday	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	pterosaur	pterosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | any flying reptile from that time |  | everyday talk |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pterodactyl soared over the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:x1:1
# text = The pterodactyl soared over the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	soared	soar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **soar** | past | the pterodactyl |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme over sea=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pterodactyl was not a dinosaur, but it lived with them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:x2:1
# text = A pterodactyl was not a dinosaur, but it lived with them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | a pterodactyl | a dinosaur |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | pterodactyl | a dinosaur *not said here* |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme dinosaur=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a pterodactyl skeleton at the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:x3:1
# text = We saw a pterodactyl skeleton at the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a pterodactyl skeleton |  | the museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skeleton=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pterodactyls had wings of skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:x4:1
# text = Pterodactyls had wings of skin.
1	Pterodactyls	pterodactyl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Pterodactyls | wings of skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother screeched like a pterodactyl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:x5:1
# text = My little brother screeched like a pterodactyl.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	screeched	screech	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pterodactyl	pterodactyl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **screech** | participle |  | My little brother *not said here* |  |  |  | like a pterodactyl | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pterodactyls died out about 66 million years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pterodactyl:x6:1
# text = Pterodactyls died out about 66 million years ago.
1	Pterodactyls	pterodactyl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	66	66	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	million	million	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die out** | past | Pterodactyls |  |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [ptarmigan](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/ptarmigan/)
- next →: [pterosaur](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/pterosaur/)
- ↑ back to [P in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/)