---
title: publish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «publish» in the school dictionary: To publish means to print a book, magazine or newspaper and make it available for people to buy or read. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# publish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** class, you, school, Scientists, others, She · **What happens:** publish, mean, print, make, buy, read · **To what, where:** book, newspaper, writing pictures, information, first book, photo · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«publish» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [publish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/publish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To publish means to print a book, magazine or newspaper and make it available for people to buy or read.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:m1:1
# text = To publish means to print a book, magazine or newspaper and make it available for people to buy or read.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	print	print	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	available	available	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **print** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a book and magazine or newspaper |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |
| 4 | **make** | infinitive |  | newspaper |  |  |  | available *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 5 | **buy** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **read** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To publish means to put writing, pictures or videos online for others to see.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:m2:1
# text = To publish means to put writing, pictures or videos online for others to see.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	videos	video	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	online	online	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | writing pictures or videos |  |  |  | for others; online *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent picture=Goal |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To publish can mean to make information known to the public.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:m3:1
# text = To publish can mean to make information known to the public.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | information |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset information=Product |
| 4 | **know** | participle |  | information *not said here* |  |  |  | to the public | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class published a book of poems.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x1:1
# text = Our class published a book of poems.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	published	publish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past | Our class | a book of poems |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The author's first book was published last spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x2:1
# text = The author's first book was published last spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past · passive |  | the author's first book |  |  | spring |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Think carefully before you publish a photo online.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x3:1
# text = Think carefully before you publish a photo online.
1	Think	think	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	publish	publish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	online	online	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **publish** | present | you | a photo |  |  |  | online *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school publishes a newsletter every week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x4:1
# text = The school publishes a newsletter every week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	publishes	publish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	newsletter	newsletter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | present | the school | a newsletter |  |  | week |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent newsletter=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists publish their results so others can check them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x5:1
# text = Scientists publish their results so others can check them.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	publish	publish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | present | Scientists | Scientists's results |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Result |
| 2 | **check** | can | others | results *= result* |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **result** |  | Scientists *= scientist* |  |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hopes to publish her comic one day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x6:1
# text = She hopes to publish her comic one day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hopes	hope	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	comic	comic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hope** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **publish** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He would not even publish them in his own name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:publish:x7:1
# text = He would not even publish them in his own name.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **publish** | would | He | them *= they* |  | his own name |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Result |
| 2 | **name** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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