---
title: published — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «published» in the school dictionary: Published is the past form of publish: it was printed or put out for people to read. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# published

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, He, published dictionary, Fables · **What happens:** publish, be, print, put out, read, describe · **To what, where:** Published past form, publish, something, story, school magazine, book

<!-- .vabout -->
«published» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [published in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/published.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Published is the past form of publish: it was printed or put out for people to read.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:m1:1
# text = Published is the past form of publish: it was printed or put out for people to read.
1	Published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	publish	publish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Published past form |  |  |  | of publish | tree rules |
| 3 | **print** | past · passive |  | publish |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **put out** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **read** | to-infinitive | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, published describes something that has been made available to the public, like a published book or a published author.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:m2:1
# text = As an adjective, published describes something that has been made available to the public, like a published book or a published author.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	mark	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	available	available	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	public	public	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | something |  |  |  | as a adjective | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme as adjective=Attribute |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  |  |  | to the public; available *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP» |
| 4 | **publish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **publish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her story was published in the school magazine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x1:1
# text = Her story was published in the school magazine.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past · passive |  | Her story |  | the school magazine |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The book was first published a long time ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x2:1
# text = The book was first published a long time ago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past · passive |  | the book |  |  |  | ago, first *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is a published author now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x3:1
# text = He is a published author now.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | He | a published author |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The results were published in a science journal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x4:1
# text = The results were published in a science journal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	journal	journal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past · passive |  | the results |  | a science journal |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That photo was published without permission.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x5:1
# text = That photo was published without permission.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | past · passive |  | that photo |  |  |  | without permission | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The newly published dictionary has many new words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x6:1
# text = The newly published dictionary has many new words.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | the published dictionary | many new words |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Fables thus recovered were soon published.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:published:x7:1
# text = The Fables thus recovered were soon published.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fables	fable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	recovered	recover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
7	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recover** | past | the Fables *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **publish** | past · passive |  | the Fables |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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