---
title: puffin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «puffin» in the school dictionary: A small black-and-white seabird with a large, brightly coloured orange and blue beak and orange feet; it lives on cliffs and islands in the North Atlantic. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# puffin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** seabird, puffin, Puffins, We, beak, favourite paperback · **What happens:** live, have, nest, take, see, flap · **To what, where:** cliffs, six little fish, beak, burrows, boat trip, puffins · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«puffin» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [puffin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/puffin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small black-and-white seabird with a large, brightly coloured orange and blue beak and orange feet; it lives on cliffs and islands in the North Atlantic.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:m1:1
# text = A small black-and-white seabird with a large, brightly coloured orange and blue beak and orange feet; it lives on cliffs and islands in the North Atlantic.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	seabird	seabird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
15	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | seabird |  |  | cliffs and islands |  | in the North Atlantic | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in atlantic=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puffin had six little fish in its beak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x1:1
# text = The puffin had six little fish in its beak.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puffin	puffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the puffin | six little fish |  | puffin's beak |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puffins nest in burrows on cliff tops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x2:1
# text = Puffins nest in burrows on cliff tops.
1	Puffins	puffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	nest	nest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	burrows	burrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nest** | present | Puffins |  |  | burrows |  | on cliff tops | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took a boat trip to see the puffins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x3:1
# text = We took a boat trip to see the puffins.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	puffins	puffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | a boat trip |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the puffins |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer puffin=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puffins flap their wings very fast when they fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x4:1
# text = Puffins flap their wings very fast when they fly.
1	Puffins	puffin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flap	flap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flap** | present | Puffins | Puffins's wings |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |
| 2 | **fly** | present | Puffins *= puffin* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A puffin's beak is bright orange in spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x5:1
# text = A puffin's beak is bright orange in spring.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puffin	puffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a puffin's beak |  |  |  | spring | orange *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Puffin chicks are called pufflings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x6:1
# text = Puffin chicks are called pufflings.
1	Puffin	puffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	chicks	chick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	pufflings	puffling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Puffin chicks |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite paperback has a puffin on the spine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:puffin:x7:1
# text = My favourite paperback has a puffin on the spine.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	paperback	paperback	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	puffin	puffin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	spine	spine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My favourite paperback | a puffin |  | the spine |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puffin=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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