---
title: pug — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pug» in the school dictionary: A pug is a small dog with a flat, wrinkly face, a curly tail and short fur, usually pale brown with a black face, or all black. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pug

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pug, Pugs, He, faced dogs, friend, she · **What happens:** be, snore, wag, overheat, walk, have · **To what, where:** small dog, short word, curly tail, Pugs, pug nose, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pug» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pug in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pug.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pug is a small dog with a flat, wrinkly face, a curly tail and short fur, usually pale brown with a black face, or all black.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:m1:1
# text = A pug is a small dog with a flat, wrinkly face, a curly tail and short fur, usually pale brown with a black face, or all black.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	wrinkly	wrinkly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	parataxis	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	31	det	_	_
31	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pug | a small dog |  |  |  | with a flat wrinkly face and a curly tail and short fur | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pug» was once a short word for a boxer (from «pugilist»).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:m2:1
# text = «Pug» was once a short word for a boxer (from «pugilist»).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	boxer	boxer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	pugilist	pugilist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Pug | a short word |  |  |  | for a boxer; once *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbour's pug snores very loudly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x1:1
# text = Our neighbour's pug snores very loudly.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	snores	snore	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snore** | present | Our neighbour's pug |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pug wagged its curly tail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x2:1
# text = The pug wagged its curly tail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wagged	wag	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wag** | past | the pug | pug's curly tail |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pugs can overheat on hot days, so walk them in the cool morning.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x3:1
# text = Pugs can overheat on hot days, so walk them in the cool morning.
1	Pugs	pug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	overheat	overheat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overheat** | can | Pugs |  |  |  | day |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **walk** | infinitive |  | Pugs *= pug* |  |  | morning |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has a pug nose, short and turned up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x4:1
# text = He has a pug nose, short and turned up.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | a pug nose |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |
| 2 | **turn up** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flat-faced dogs like pugs can find it hard to breathe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x5:1
# text = Flat-faced dogs like pugs can find it hard to breathe.
1	Flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	faced	faced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pugs	pug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | can | faced dogs like pugs | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pug wore a little coat in the snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x6:1
# text = The pug wore a little coat in the snow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the pug | a little coat |  | the snow |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend named her pug Biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x7:1
# text = My friend named her pug Biscuit.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	Biscuit	Biscuit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | past | My friend | friend's pug |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pug=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the meantime, there arrived from the next town a lady; she had a pug dog with her, and came, she said, to dispose of shares in her tan-yard.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pug:x8:1
# text = In the meantime, there arrived from the next town a lady; she had a pug dog with her, and came, she said, to dispose of shares in her tan-yard.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	meantime	meantime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	pug	pug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	dispose	dispose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	shares	share	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
33	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	36	nmod:poss	_	_
34	tan	tan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | participle |  | a lady |  | the meantime; there |  | from the next town | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from town=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | she | a pug dog |  |  |  | with dog | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |
| 3 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **dispose** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of shares; in dog's tan yard | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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