---
title: punchayet — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «punchayet» in the school dictionary: A village council, traditionally of five elders, that settles disputes and runs local affairs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# punchayet

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** village council, meeting, punchayet, village panchayat, animals, elders · **What happens:** settle, run, decide, meet, hold, listen · **To what, where:** disputes, local affairs, matter, big tree, quarrel, water

<!-- .vabout -->
«punchayet» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [punchayet in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/punchayet.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: India — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A village council, traditionally of five elders, that settles disputes and runs local affairs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:m1:1
# text = A village council, traditionally of five elders, that settles disputes and runs local affairs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	traditionally	traditionally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	settles	settle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
15	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **settle** | present | a village council and five elders | disputes |  |  |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme dispute=Location |
| 2 | **run** | present | a village council and five elders *not said here* | local affairs |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme affair=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Kipling, Just So Stories — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A meeting or council of animals to decide a matter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:m2:1
# text = A meeting or council of animals to decide a matter.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | to-infinitive | a meeting of animals or council | a matter |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent matter=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The punchayet met under the big tree to decide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:x1:1
# text = The punchayet met under the big tree to decide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	punchayet	punchayet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	decide	decide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | the punchayet |  |  | the big tree |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **decide** | to-infinitive | the punchayet *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village panchayat settled the quarrel over water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:x2:1
# text = The village panchayat settled the quarrel over water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	panchayat	panchayat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	settled	settle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	quarrel	quarrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **settle** | past | the village panchayat | the quarrel |  | water |  |  | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme quarrel=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the animals held a punchayet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:x3:1
# text = In the story, the animals held a punchayet.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	punchayet	punchayet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the animals | a punchayet |  | the story |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent punchayet=Theme in story=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The elders of the punchayet listened to both sides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:x4:1
# text = The elders of the punchayet listened to both sides.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	punchayet	punchayet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | past | the elders of the punchayet |  |  |  |  | to both sides | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to side=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today India has thousands of elected panchayats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:x5:1
# text = Today India has thousands of elected panchayats.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	elected	elect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	panchayats	panchayat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | India | thousands of elected panchayats |  |  | today |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient |
| 2 | **elect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kipling uses old Indian words like «punchayet».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punchayet:x6:1
# text = Kipling uses old Indian words like «punchayet».
1	Kipling	Kipling	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	punchayet	punchayet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Kipling | old Indian words |  |  |  | like punchayet | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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