---
title: punishable — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «punishable» in the school dictionary: That can be punished by law or by rules: «Stealing is a punishable offence.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# punishable

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** law, Stealing, That, Dropping, Cheating, Bullying · **What happens:** punish, be, carry, drop, cheat, chew · **To what, where:** That, punishable offence, particular punishment, litter, exam, school rules · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«punishable» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [punishable in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/punishable.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That can be punished by law or by rules: «Stealing is a punishable offence.».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:m1:1
# text = That can be punished by law or by rules: «Stealing is a punishable offence.».
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Stealing	stealing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	offence	offence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | can · passive | law or rules | That |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Stealing | a punishable offence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That carries a particular punishment: «punishable by a fine».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:m2:1
# text = That carries a particular punishment: «punishable by a fine».
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | That | a particular punishment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dropping litter here is punishable by a £100 fine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:x1:1
# text = Dropping litter here is punishable by a £100 fine.
1	Dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	advmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	£	£	SYM	$	_	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
10	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | gerund |  | litter |  | here |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Dropping |  |  |  |  | punishable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheating in the exam is punishable by disqualification.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:x2:1
# text = Cheating in the exam is punishable by disqualification.
1	Cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	disqualification	disqualification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheat** | gerund |  |  |  | the exam |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Cheating |  |  |  |  | by disqualification; punishable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bullying is punishable under school rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:x3:1
# text = Bullying is punishable under school rules.
1	Bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Bullying |  |  | school rules |  | punishable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some countries, chewing gum on the train is punishable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:x4:1
# text = In some countries, chewing gum on the train is punishable.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	chewing	chew	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
6	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chew** | gerund |  | gum |  | the train |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gum=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | chewing |  |  | some countries |  | punishable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pulling the emergency cord without reason is punishable by law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:x5:1
# text = Pulling the emergency cord without reason is punishable by law.
1	Pulling	pull	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | gerund |  | the emergency cord |  |  |  | without reason | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cord=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Pulling |  |  |  |  | by law; punishable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hacking into someone's account is a punishable crime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punishable:x6:1
# text = Hacking into someone's account is a punishable crime.
1	Hacking	hack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	punishable	punishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hack** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | into someone's account | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into account=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Hacking | a punishable crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **account** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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