---
title: punjabi — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «punjabi» in the school dictionary: A language spoken in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, and by many people in the UK, Canada and elsewhere. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# punjabi

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, We, restaurant, grandparents, Bhangra · **What happens:** speak, connect, learn, count, write, serve · **To what, where:** language, Punjab region, adjective, Punjabi, home, two different scripts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«punjabi» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [punjabi in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/punjabi.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A language spoken in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, and by many people in the UK, Canada and elsewhere.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:m1:1
# text = A language spoken in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan, and by many people in the UK, Canada and elsewhere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Punjab	Punjab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Pakistan	Pakistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	RB	_	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a language and many people in the UK and Canada *not said here* |  | the Punjab region of India and Pakistan |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person from the Punjab region.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:m2:1
# text = A person from the Punjab region.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Punjab	Punjab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
adjective Connected with the Punjab, its people, food or culture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:m3:1
# text = adjective Connected with the Punjab, its people, food or culture.
1	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Punjab	Punjab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **connect** | participle |  | adjective and Punjab's people and food or culture *not said here* |  |  |  | with the Punjab | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with punjab=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend Harpreet speaks Punjabi at home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:x1:1
# text = My friend Harpreet speaks Punjabi at home.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Harpreet	Harpreet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Punjabi	Punjabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend | Punjabi |  | home |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned to count to ten in Punjabi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:x2:1
# text = We learned to count to ten in Punjabi.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Punjabi	Punjabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **count** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  | Punjabi |  | to ten | vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ten=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Punjabi is written in two different scripts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:x3:1
# text = Punjabi is written in two different scripts.
1	Punjabi	Punjabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	scripts	script	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Punjabi |  | two different scripts |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in script=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The restaurant serves Punjabi food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:x4:1
# text = The restaurant serves Punjabi food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Punjabi	Punjabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | the restaurant | Punjabi food |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her grandparents are Punjabi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:x5:1
# text = Her grandparents are Punjabi.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Punjabi	Punjabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Her grandparents | Punjabi |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bhangra is lively Punjabi dance music.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:punjabi:x6:1
# text = Bhangra is lively Punjabi dance music.
1	Bhangra	Bhangra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	Punjabi	Punjabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bhangra | lively Punjabi dance music |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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