---
title: pup — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pup» in the school dictionary: A pup is a young dog; a puppy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pup

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pup, new pup, seal pup, mother wolf, you, mother · **What happens:** be, chew, have, feed, bear, leave · **To what, where:** young dog, baby, shoe, white fluffy fur, pups, den

<!-- .vabout -->
«pup» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pup in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pup.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pup is a young dog; a puppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:m1:1
# text = A pup is a young dog; a puppy.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pup	pup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pup | a young dog and a puppy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pup is also the baby of some other animals, such as seals, otters, wolves, foxes, rats and bats.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:m2:1
# text = A pup is also the baby of some other animals, such as seals, otters, wolves, foxes, rats and bats.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pup	pup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	seals	seal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	otters	otter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pup | the baby |  |  |  | of some other animals such seals and otters and wolves and foxes | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our new pup chewed my shoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:x1:1
# text = Our new pup chewed my shoe.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pup	pup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	chewed	chew	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chew** | past | Our new pup | my shoe |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The seal pup has white fluffy fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:x2:1
# text = The seal pup has white fluffy fur.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	seal	seal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pup	pup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the seal pup | white fluffy fur |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mother wolf fed her pups in the den.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:x3:1
# text = The mother wolf fed her pups in the den.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fed	feed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pups	pup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	den	den	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | past | the mother wolf | wolf's pups |  | the den |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pup=Value in den=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A litter of six pups was born last night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:x4:1
# text = A litter of six pups was born last night.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pups	pup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | a litter of six pups |  |  | night |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leave a seal pup alone on the beach — its mother is nearby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:x5:1
# text = Leave a seal pup alone on the beach — its mother is nearby.
1	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	seal	seal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pup	pup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	nearby	nearby	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | a seal pup |  | the beach |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pup=Theme on beach=Location |
| 2 | **is** | present | beach's mother |  |  |  |  | nearby *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Otter pups learn to swim from their mothers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pup:x6:1
# text = Otter pups learn to swim from their mothers.
1	Otter	otter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pups	pup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	swim	swim	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mothers	mother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | Otter pups |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **swim** | to-infinitive | Otter pups *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from pups's mothers | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from mother=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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