---
title: pupil — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pupil» in the school dictionary: A pupil is a child who goes to school and learns from a teacher. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pupil

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pupil, child, that, 28 pupils, school, 6 pupils · **What happens:** be, go, learn, let in, get, have · **To what, where:** child, school, anyone, black circle, middle, light · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pupil» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pupil in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pupil.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pupil is a child who goes to school and learns from a teacher.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:m1:1
# text = A pupil is a child who goes to school and learns from a teacher.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pupil | a child |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | a child |  |  | school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **learn** | present | a child *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from a teacher | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from teacher=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pupil is anyone who learns from a teacher, like a piano pupil.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:m2:1
# text = A pupil is anyone who learns from a teacher, like a piano pupil.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pupil | anyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | present |  |  |  |  |  | from a teacher; like a piano pupil | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from teacher=Source |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil of the eye is the black circle in the middle that lets light in.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:m3:1
# text = The pupil of the eye is the black circle in the middle that lets light in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the pupil of the eye | the black circle |  | the middle |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let in** | present | that | light |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 28 pupils in the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x1:1
# text = There are 28 pupils in the class.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	28	28	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 28 pupils |  |  | the class; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in class=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each pupil gets 3 pencils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x2:1
# text = Each pupil gets 3 pencils.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pencils	pencil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | each pupil | 3 pencils |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pencil=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school has 4 classes with 25 pupils in each.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x3:1
# text = The school has 4 classes with 25 pupils in each.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	classes	class	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the school | 4 classes |  |  |  | with 25 pupils in each | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent class=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
6 pupils were absent, how many came?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x4:1
# text = 6 pupils were absent, how many came?
1	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | 6 pupils |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | many |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupils lined up for assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x5:1
# text = The pupils lined up for assembly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	lined	line	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line up** | participle |  | the pupils *not said here* |  |  |  | for assembly | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The piano teacher has ten pupils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x6:1
# text = The piano teacher has ten pupils.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the piano teacher | ten pupils |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your pupils get smaller in bright light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x7:1
# text = Your pupils get smaller in bright light.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Your pupils |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shine a torch near your eye and watch the pupil shrink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x8:1
# text = Shine a torch near your eye and watch the pupil shrink.
1	Shine	shine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	shrink	shrink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | imperative | you *not said here* | a torch |  | your eye |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent torch=Theme |
| 2 | **watch** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the pupil shrink |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shrink=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every pupil wears a school uniform.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x9:1
# text = Every pupil wears a school uniform.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	uniform	uniform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | every pupil | a school uniform |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent uniform=Theme |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the King's son said, "Master first, and pupil after."

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pupil:x10:1
# text = But the King's son said, "Master first, and pupil after."
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
14	after	after	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the King's son | Master |  |  |  | first *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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