---
title: pygmy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pygmy» in the school dictionary: A very small kind of a species, much smaller than its relatives, such as a pygmy hippo, pygmy goat or pygmy marmoset. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pygmy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** peoples, people, pygmy hippo, pygmy seahorse, farm, pygmy marmoset · **What happens:** be, prefer, use, name, think, live · **To what, where:** names, peoples, person, forests, three cheeky pygmy goats, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pygmy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pygmy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pygmy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of animals and plants — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very small kind of a species, much smaller than its relatives, such as a pygmy hippo, pygmy goat or pygmy marmoset.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:m1:1
# text = A very small kind of a species, much smaller than its relatives, such as a pygmy hippo, pygmy goat or pygmy marmoset.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	much	much	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	hippo	hippo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	marmoset	marmoset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: often offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An old word for members of some peoples in Central Africa who are short; today people prefer to use the names of the peoples themselves, such as the Mbuti or Baka.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:m2:1
# text = An old word for members of some peoples in Central Africa who are short; today people prefer to use the names of the peoples themselves, such as the Mbuti or Baka.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	prefer	prefer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
28	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	31	case	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	fixed	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Mbuti	Mbuti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
32	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	Baka	Baka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some peoples in Central Africa |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **prefer** | present | people |  |  |  | today |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **use** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | the names of the peoples  peoples |  |  |  | such the Mbuti or Baka | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 4 | **name** |  |  | the peoples  peoples |  |  |  | such the Mbuti or Baka | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient such=obl |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, insulting — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person thought to be unimportant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:m3:1
# text = A person thought to be unimportant.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	unimportant	unimportant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | unimportant *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pygmy hippo lives in the forests of West Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x1:1
# text = The pygmy hippo lives in the forests of West Africa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hippo	hippo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the pygmy hippo |  |  | the forests of West Africa |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pygmy seahorse is smaller than your fingernail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x2:1
# text = A pygmy seahorse is smaller than your fingernail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	seahorse	seahorse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fingernail	fingernail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a pygmy seahorse |  |  |  |  | than your fingernail; small *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farm had three cheeky pygmy goats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x3:1
# text = The farm had three cheeky pygmy goats.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
5	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the farm | three cheeky pygmy goats |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goat=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pygmy marmoset is one of the smallest monkeys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x4:1
# text = The pygmy marmoset is one of the smallest monkeys.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	marmoset	marmoset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the pygmy marmoset | one |  |  |  | of the smallest monkeys | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pygmy possum sleeps through the cold winter in Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x5:1
# text = The pygmy possum sleeps through the cold winter in Australia.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pygmy	pygmy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	possum	possum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | the pygmy possum |  |  |  | winter |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our guide used the name Baka for the forest people instead of an old label.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x6:1
# text = Our guide used the name Baka for the forest people instead of an old label.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	Baka	Baka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Our guide | the name |  |  |  | for the forest  people instead a old label | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent name=Theme for forest=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I am your enemy," answered the valiant Pygmy, in his mightiest squeak.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pygmy:x7:1
# text = "I am your enemy," answered the valiant Pygmy, in his mightiest squeak.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	mightiest	mighty	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	16	amod	_	_
16	squeak	squeak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | your enemy *= enemy* | your enemy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | your enemy |  | the valiant Pygmy |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent pygmy=Eventuality |
| 3 | **squeak** |  | enemy |  |  |  |  |  | nom squeak «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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