---
title: quechua — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «quechua» in the school dictionary: Quechua is a family of languages spoken by millions of Indigenous people in the Andes mountains of South America, mostly in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/Q/quechua/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [Q](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/Q/) / quechua

# quechua

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Quechua, peoples, millions, Incas, word, Many children · **What happens:** be, speak, come, learn, grow, say · **To what, where:** family, languages, Peru, peoples, main language, Quechua · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«quechua» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [quechua in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/quechua.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quechua is a family of languages spoken by millions of Indigenous people in the Andes mountains of South America, mostly in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:m1:1
# text = Quechua is a family of languages spoken by millions of Indigenous people in the Andes mountains of South America, mostly in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.
1	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	Indigenous	indigenous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	compound	_	_
16	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Bolivia	Bolivia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	Ecuador	Ecuador	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Quechua | a family |  |  |  | of languages | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | languages *not said here* |  | Peru and Bolivia and Ecuador |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Quechua are the peoples who speak these languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:m2:1
# text = The Quechua are the peoples who speak these languages.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Quechua | the peoples |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the peoples | this languages |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quechua was the main language of the Inca Empire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:m3:1
# text = Quechua was the main language of the Inca Empire.
1	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	main	main	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Inca	Inca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Quechua | the main language |  |  |  | of the Inca Empire | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quechua is spoken by millions of people in Peru and Bolivia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x1:1
# text = Quechua is spoken by millions of people in Peru and Bolivia.
1	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Bolivia	Bolivia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | millions of people in Peru and Bolivia | Quechua |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Incas spoke Quechua.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x2:1
# text = The Incas spoke Quechua.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Incas	Inca	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the Incas | Quechua |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «llama» comes from Quechua.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x3:1
# text = The word «llama» comes from Quechua.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	llama	llama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | Quechua |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from quechua=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many children in the Andes learn Quechua at home and Spanish at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x4:1
# text = Many children in the Andes learn Quechua at home and Spanish at school.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | Many children in the Andes | Quechua |  | home |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quechua=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quechua is an official language of Peru and Bolivia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x5:1
# text = Quechua is an official language of Peru and Bolivia.
1	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Bolivia	Bolivia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Quechua | a official language |  |  |  | of Peru and Bolivia | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Quechua farmers grow potatoes high in the mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x6:1
# text = Quechua farmers grow potatoes high in the mountains.
1	Quechua	quechua	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Quechua farmers | potatoes |  | the mountains |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location potato=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class learned to say hello in Quechua: «Allillanchu?»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:quechua:x7:1
# text = Our class learned to say hello in Quechua: «Allillanchu?»
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Quechua	Quechua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Allillanchu	Allillanchu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Our class |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Our class *not said here* |  |  | Quechua |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent hello=Theme in quechua=Manner |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [queasy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/Q/queasy/)
- next →: [queen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/Q/queen/)
- ↑ back to [Q in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/Q/)