---
title: racer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «racer» in the school dictionary: A person, animal or machine that takes part in races: «a racing car driver is a racer». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# racer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, car driver, Lewis, brother, snail, our · **What happens:** take, be, build, train, line up, get · **To what, where:** part, races, racer, boat, racers, starting line · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«racer» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [racer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/racer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person, animal or machine that takes part in races: «a racing car driver is a racer».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:m1:1
# text = A person, animal or machine that takes part in races: «a racing car driver is a racer».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | a person and animal or machine | part |  | races |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent part=Value in race=Location |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | a car driver | a racer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A car, bike, boat or horse built or trained for racing: «a racer bike».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:m2:1
# text = A car, bike, boat or horse built or trained for racing: «a racer bike».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | participle |  | boat or horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **train** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for racing | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind of fast snake, like the black racer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:m3:1
# text = A kind of fast snake, like the black racer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The racers lined up at the starting line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x1:1
# text = The racers lined up at the starting line.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	racers	racer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	lined	line	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	starting	starting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line up** | participle |  | the racers *not said here* |  | the starting line |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lewis Hamilton is a famous racing car racer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x2:1
# text = Lewis Hamilton is a famous racing car racer.
1	Lewis	Lewis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	Hamilton	Hamilton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	racing	racing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lewis | a famous car racer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother got a red racer bike for his birthday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x3:1
# text = My brother got a red racer bike for his birthday.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | My brother | a red racer bike |  |  |  | for brother's birthday | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent bike=Theme for birthday=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snail was the slowest racer in our garden race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x4:1
# text = The snail was the slowest racer in our garden race.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snail	snail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	slowest	slow	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the snail | the slowest racer |  | our garden race |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **race** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The black racer is a fast, harmless snake in North America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x5:1
# text = The black racer is a fast, harmless snake in North America.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the black racer | a fast harmless snake |  | North America |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each racer must wear a helmet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x6:1
# text = Each racer must wear a helmet.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	racer	racer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | must | each racer | a helmet |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Go,” said Fionn to a hawk-eyed man, “go to the top of this hill and watch for the coming of the racers.”

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racer:x7:1
# text = “Go,” said Fionn to a hawk-eyed man, “go to the top of this hill and watch for the coming of the racers.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	eyed	eyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
24	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	racers	racer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Fionn |  | a eyed man |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to man=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | the top of this hill |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to top=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **watch** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **come** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of the racers | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of racer=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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