---
title: racetrack — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «racetrack» in the school dictionary: A track, usually an oval or loop, where horses, cars, bikes or runners race. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# racetrack

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** horses, crowd, cars, We, One lap, toy racetrack · **What happens:** race, hold, stand, call, zoom, go · **To what, where:** place, racecourse, racetrack, horses, 400 metres, loop · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«racetrack» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [racetrack in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/racetrack.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A track, usually an oval or loop, where horses, cars, bikes or runners race.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:m1:1
# text = A track, usually an oval or loop, where horses, cars, bikes or runners race.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	oval	oval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
11	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
18	race	race	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race** | present | horses and cars and bikes or runners |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A place where horse races are held, with stands for the crowd (also called a racecourse).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:m2:1
# text = A place where horse races are held, with stands for the crowd (also called a racecourse).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	7	advmod	_	_
4	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	also	also	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	racecourse	racecourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive |  | a place |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for the crowd | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for crowd=Attribute |
| 3 | **call** | participle | the crowd *not said here* | a racecourse |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cars zoomed round the racetrack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:x1:1
# text = The cars zoomed round the racetrack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	zoomed	zoom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	round	round	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	racetrack	racetrack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **zoom** | participle | the cars |  |  | the racetrack |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round racetrack=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went to the racetrack to watch the horses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:x2:1
# text = We went to the racetrack to watch the horses.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	racetrack	racetrack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  | the racetrack |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to racetrack=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | the horses |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One lap of the school racetrack is 400 metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:x3:1
# text = One lap of the school racetrack is 400 metres.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	racetrack	racetrack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	400	400	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | One lap of the school racetrack | 400 metres |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My toy racetrack has a loop-the-loop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:x4:1
# text = My toy racetrack has a loop-the-loop.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	racetrack	racetrack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	loop	loop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My toy racetrack | a loop |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loop=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd at the racetrack cheered as the winner crossed the line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:x5:1
# text = The crowd at the racetrack cheered as the winner crossed the line.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	racetrack	racetrack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | participle |  | the racetrack *not said here* |  |  |  | as the winner | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **cross** | past | the crowd at the racetrack | the line |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She ran four laps of the racetrack, which is 1,600 metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racetrack:x6:1
# text = She ran four laps of the racetrack, which is 1,600 metres.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	laps	lap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	racetrack	racetrack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	1,600	1,600	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | She | four laps of the racetrack and 1,600 metres |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lap=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is a** | present | four laps of the racetrack and 1,600 metres | 1,600 metres |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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