---
title: racial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «racial» in the school dictionary: To do with race, the old idea of grouping people by skin colour, family background or where their ancestors came from: «racial equality», «racial prejudice». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/racial/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / racial

# racial

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old idea, ancestors, people, Martin, Racial discrimination, Apartheid · **What happens:** do, group, come, happen, see, work · **To what, where:** racial equality, people, racial tension, groups, UK, system

<!-- .vabout -->
«racial» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [racial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/racial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with race, the old idea of grouping people by skin colour, family background or where their ancestors came from: «racial equality», «racial prejudice».

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:m1:1
# text = To do with race, the old idea of grouping people by skin colour, family background or where their ancestors came from: «racial equality», «racial prejudice».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	grouping	group	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	background	background	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	22	advmod	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	equality	equality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | racial equality |  |  |  | with race | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **group** | gerund | the old idea *not said here* | people |  |  |  | by skin colour | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | people's ancestors |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening between groups that people see as different races: «racial tension», «racial discrimination».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:m2:1
# text = Happening between groups that people see as different races: «racial tension», «racial discrimination».
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	between	between	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	tension	tension	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  | racial tension |  | groups |  | racial discrimination *obl* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between group=Location |
| 2 | **see** | present | people | groups |  |  |  | as different races | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus as race=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin Luther King Jr worked for racial equality in the USA.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:x1:1
# text = Martin Luther King Jr worked for racial equality in the USA.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	Jr	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
5	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	equality	equality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | Martin |  |  |  |  | for racial equality in the USA | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for equality=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Racial discrimination is against the law in the UK.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:x2:1
# text = Racial discrimination is against the law in the UK.
1	Racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Racial discrimination |  |  | the UK |  | against the law | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apartheid in South Africa was a system of racial separation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:x3:1
# text = Apartheid in South Africa was a system of racial separation.
1	Apartheid	Apartheid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	separation	separation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Apartheid in South Africa | a system |  |  |  | of racial separation | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Racial abuse at football matches is reported to the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:x4:1
# text = Racial abuse at football matches is reported to the police.
1	Racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	abuse	abuse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	matches	match	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | present · passive |  | Racial abuse at football matches | the police |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to police=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school celebrates racial and cultural diversity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:x5:1
# text = Our school celebrates racial and cultural diversity.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	celebrates	celebrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cultural	cultural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	diversity	diversity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | Our school | racial diversity |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diversity=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rosa Parks protested against racial segregation on buses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:racial:x6:1
# text = Rosa Parks protested against racial segregation on buses.
1	Rosa	Rosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Parks	Parks	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	protested	protest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	racial	racial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	segregation	segregation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	buses	bus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protest** *speech: disagree* | past | Rosa |  |  | buses |  | against racial segregation | vn rebel-71.2-2 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent against segregation=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [racetrack](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/racetrack/)
- next →: [racially](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/racially/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)