---
title: radiation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «radiation» in the school dictionary: Radiation is energy that travels as invisible waves or tiny particles, like light, heat, X-rays and radio waves. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# radiation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Radiation, energy, radioactive things, that, heat, Sun · **What happens:** be, travel, mean, give off, harm, use · **To what, where:** energy, dangerous kind, living things, large amounts, medical treatment, strong rays

<!-- .vabout -->
«radiation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [radiation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/radiation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radiation is energy that travels as invisible waves or tiny particles, like light, heat, X-rays and radio waves.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:m1:1
# text = Radiation is energy that travels as invisible waves or tiny particles, like light, heat, X-rays and radio waves.
1	Radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	invisible	invisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	particles	particle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Radiation | energy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **travel** | present | energy |  |  |  |  | as invisible waves or tiny particles and light and heat and X rays and radio waves | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radiation often means the dangerous kind given off by radioactive things, which can harm living things in large amounts.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:m2:1
# text = Radiation often means the dangerous kind given off by radioactive things, which can harm living things in large amounts.
1	Radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	radioactive	radioactive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl:relcl	_	_
16	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Radiation | the dangerous kind |  |  |  | often *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Topic |
| 2 | **give off** | participle |  | the dangerous kind *not said here* |  |  |  | by radioactive things | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **harm** | can | radioactive things | living things |  | large amounts |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus thing=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radiation is a medical treatment for some cancers that uses strong rays.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:m3:1
# text = Radiation is a medical treatment for some cancers that uses strong rays.
1	Radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	cancers	cancer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Radiation | a medical treatment |  |  |  | for some cancers | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | that | strong rays |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun's heat reaches us by radiation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x1:1
# text = The Sun's heat reaches us by radiation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | the Sun's heat | us |  |  |  | by radiation | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 2 | **heat** |  | the Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
UV radiation from the sun can burn your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x2:1
# text = UV radiation from the sun can burn your skin.
1	UV	ultra-violet	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | can | UV radiation from the sun | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
X-rays are a kind of radiation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x3:1
# text = X-rays are a kind of radiation.
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | X rays | a kind |  |  |  | of radiation | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fire warms you by radiation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x4:1
# text = A fire warms you by radiation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warms	warm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm** | present | a fire | you |  |  |  | by radiation | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent you=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign warned of radiation danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x5:1
# text = The sign warned of radiation danger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warned	warn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past | the sign |  |  |  |  | of radiation danger | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent of danger=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her aunt had radiation treatment in hospital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x6:1
# text = Her aunt had radiation treatment in hospital.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Her aunt | radiation treatment |  | hospital |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent treatment=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mobile phones use radio waves, a weak radiation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x7:1
# text = Mobile phones use radio waves, a weak radiation.
1	Mobile	mobile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Mobile phones | radio waves  a weak radiation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark clothes absorb more radiation from the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radiation:x8:1
# text = Dark clothes absorb more radiation from the sun.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj	_	_
3	absorb	absorb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	radiation	radiation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absorb** | present | Dark clothes | more radiation |  | the sun. |  |  | vn absorb-39.8 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Goal radiation=Theme from sun.=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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