---
title: radio — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «radio» in the school dictionary: A radio is a machine that receives sounds sent through the air by electric waves, so you can listen to music, news and talk. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# radio

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** radio, machine, you, way, someone, Dad · **What happens:** be, receive, send, listen, talk, use · **To what, where:** machine, sounds, air, way, messages, invisible waves

<!-- .vabout -->
«radio» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [radio in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/radio.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A radio is a machine that receives sounds sent through the air by electric waves, so you can listen to music, news and talk.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:m1:1
# text = A radio is a machine that receives sounds sent through the air by electric waves, so you can listen to music, news and talk.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	receives	receive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	through	through	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a radio | a machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **receive** | present | a machine | sounds |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme |
| 3 | **send** | participle |  | sounds *not said here* |  | the air |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **listen** | can | you |  |  |  |  | to music and news | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme |
| 5 | **talk** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The radio is the programmes broadcast this way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:m2:1
# text = The radio is the programmes broadcast this way.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	programmes	programme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	broadcast	broadcast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the radio |  |  |  |  | broadcast *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radio is a way of sending messages by invisible waves, used by pilots, police and ships.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:m3:1
# text = Radio is a way of sending messages by invisible waves, used by pilots, police and ships.
1	Radio	Radio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sending	send	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	invisible	invisible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Radio | a way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | gerund | a way *not said here* | messages |  |  |  | by invisible waves | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | invisible waves *not said here* |  |  |  | by pilots and police and ships | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To radio someone is to send them a message by radio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:m4:1
# text = To radio someone is to send them a message by radio.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | by radio; send *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad listens to the news on the radio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x1:1
# text = Dad listens to the news on the radio.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  | to the news on the radio | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to news=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn the radio down, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x2:1
# text = Turn the radio down, please.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	1	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn down** | imperative | you *not said here* | the radio |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radio=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite song came on the radio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x3:1
# text = My favourite song came on the radio.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | My favourite song |  |  | the radio |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on radio=Location |
| 2 | **sing** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot radioed the control tower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x4:1
# text = The pilot radioed the control tower.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	radioed	radio	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **radio** *speech: other* | past | the pilot | the control tower |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tower=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radio waves travel through space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x5:1
# text = Radio waves travel through space.
1	Radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	travel	travel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | Radio waves |  |  | space |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through space=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We lost radio contact with the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x6:1
# text = We lost radio contact with the boat.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	contact	contact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | We | radio contact |  |  |  | with the boat | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contact=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep a wind-up radio for emergencies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:radio:x7:1
# text = Keep a wind-up radio for emergencies.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	emergencies	emergency	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | a up radio |  |  |  | for emergencies | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent radio=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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