---
title: raisin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «raisin» in the school dictionary: A raisin is a dried grape, small, wrinkly, brown and sweet. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# raisin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** raisin, I, Raisins, Mum, you, our · **What happens:** dry, be, have, put, not give, make · **To what, where:** dried grape, small box, grapes, sun., raisins, scones

<!-- .vabout -->
«raisin» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [raisin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/raisin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A raisin is a dried grape, small, wrinkly, brown and sweet.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:m1:1
# text = A raisin is a dried grape, small, wrinkly, brown and sweet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	raisin	raisin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	grape	grape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	wrinkly	wrinkly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a raisin | a dried grape |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a small box of raisins in my lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x1:1
# text = I have a small box of raisins in my lunch.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a small box of raisins in my lunch |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raisins are grapes that have been dried in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x2:1
# text = Raisins are grapes that have been dried in the sun.
1	Raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Raisins | grapes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dry** | present · perfect · passive |  | grapes |  | the sun. |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum puts raisins in the scones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x3:1
# text = Mum puts raisins in the scones.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scones	scone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | Mum | raisins |  | the scones |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent raisin=Theme in scone=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never give raisins to a dog; they can make it very ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x4:1
# text = Never give raisins to a dog; they can make it very ill.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | raisins | a dog |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent raisin=Theme to dog=Recipient |
| 2 | **make** | can | raisins *= raisin* | dog |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In our experiment, raisins danced up and down in lemonade.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x5:1
# text = In our experiment, raisins danced up and down in lemonade.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	danced	dance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lemonade	lemonade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dance** | past | raisins |  |  | our experiment |  | in lemonade | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in experiment=Location |
| 2 | **experiment** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oatmeal and raisin cookies are my favourite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x6:1
# text = Oatmeal and raisin cookies are my favourite.
1	Oatmeal	oatmeal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	raisin	raisin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Oatmeal cookies |  |  |  |  | favourite *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A raisin is wrinkly because it lost most of its water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x7:1
# text = A raisin is wrinkly because it lost most of its water.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	raisin	raisin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	wrinkly	wrinkly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a raisin |  |  |  |  | wrinkly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past | raisin | most of raisin's water |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raisins are sticky, so brush your teeth after eating them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x8:1
# text = Raisins are sticky, so brush your teeth after eating them.
1	Raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	sticky	sticky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	brush	brush	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Raisins |  |  |  |  | sticky *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **brush** | infinitive | Raisins *not said here* | your teeth |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund | Raisins *not said here* | teeth *= tooth* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fountains spouted forth the most delicious wine, and whoever bought a penny loaf at the baker's received six large buns, full of raisins, as a present.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raisin:x9:1
# text = The fountains spouted forth the most delicious wine, and whoever bought a penny loaf at the baker's received six large buns, full of raisins, as a present.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spouted	spout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	delicious	delicious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	whoever	whoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	penny	penny	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	loaf	loaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
21	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
22	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	buns	bun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	dislocated	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spout** | past | the fountains | the delicious wine |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wine=Source |
| 2 | **buy** | past | whoever | a penny loaf |  | the baker's received six large buns |  | a present *dislocated* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent loaf=Theme at bun=Asset |
| 3 | **receive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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