---
title: raj — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «raj» in the school dictionary: The Raj, or British Raj, was the time when Britain ruled India. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# raj

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Raj, Britain, Hindi word, friend, Many English words, India · **What happens:** be, rule, mean, sit, come, end · **To what, where:** time, India, Hindi word, rule, name, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«raj» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [raj in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/raj.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Raj, or British Raj, was the time when Britain ruled India.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:m1:1
# text = The Raj, or British Raj, was the time when Britain ruled India.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
12	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Raj or British Raj | the time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** | past | Britain | India |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent india=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raj is a Hindi word meaning rule or kingdom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:m2:1
# text = Raj is a Hindi word meaning rule or kingdom.
1	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Hindi	hindi	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Raj | a Hindi word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a Hindi word *not said here* | rule or kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raj is also a common boy's name in India and among Indian families.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:m3:1
# text = Raj is also a common boy's name in India and among Indian families.
1	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Raj | a common boy's name |  | India and Indian families |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
India was ruled by Britain during the Raj.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x1:1
# text = India was ruled by Britain during the Raj.
1	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past · passive | Britain | India |  |  | during the Raj |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend Raj sits next to me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x2:1
# text = My friend Raj sits next to me.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	next	next	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | My friend |  | me |  |  | next *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many English words came from India in the time of the Raj.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x3:1
# text = Many English words came from India in the time of the Raj.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Many English words |  |  | India | time |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Raj ended when India became independent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x4:1
# text = The Raj ended when India became independent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the Raj |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **become** | past | India |  |  |  |  | independent *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film is set during the British Raj.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x5:1
# text = The film is set during the British Raj.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | present · passive |  | the film |  |  | during the British Raj |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Raj» means «rule» in Hindi.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x6:1
# text = «Raj» means «rule» in Hindi.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hindi	Hindi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Raj | rule |  |  |  | in Hindi | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot rule=Theme in hindi=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raj's Kitchen is our favourite restaurant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x7:1
# text = Raj's Kitchen is our favourite restaurant.
1	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	Kitchen	Kitchen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Raj's Kitchen | our favourite restaurant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gandhi led people against the Raj peacefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raj:x8:1
# text = Gandhi led people against the Raj peacefully.
1	Gandhi	Gandhi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Raj	Raj	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	peacefully	peacefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | Gandhi | people |  |  |  | against the Raj; peacefully *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent people=Theme against raj=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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