---
title: ramadan — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ramadan» in the school dictionary: The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, when many Muslims fast: they do not eat or drink from dawn until sunset. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ramadan

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** many Muslims, Muslims, time, Ramadan, family, Young children · **What happens:** fast, not eat, drink, give, think, be · **To what, where:** others, holy month, Ramadan, Eid, end, religious education · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ramadan» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ramadan in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ramadan.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, when many Muslims fast: they do not eat or drink from dawn until sunset.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:m1:1
# text = The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, when many Muslims fast: they do not eat or drink from dawn until sunset.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ninth	ninth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Islamic	Islamic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Muslims	Muslim	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	fast	fast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	parataxis	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
22	until	until	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fast** | present | many Muslims |  |  |  | month |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | Muslims *= muslim* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **drink** | infinitive | Muslims *= muslim* *not said here* |  |  |  | dawn; sunset |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The time of prayer, giving to others and thinking about one's faith during that month.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:m2:1
# text = The time of prayer, giving to others and thinking about one's faith during that month.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
11	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	during	during	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund | the time of prayer *not said here* |  | others |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to other=Recipient |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | the time of prayer *not said here* |  |  |  | month | about one's faith | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about faith=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x1:1
# text = Ramadan is a holy month for Muslims.
1	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Muslims	Muslim	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ramadan | a holy month |  |  |  | for Muslims | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During Ramadan, Amir's family eats after sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x2:1
# text = During Ramadan, Amir's family eats after sunset.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Amir	Amir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Amir's family |  |  |  | during Ramadan; sunset |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Young children usually do not have to fast in Ramadan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x3:1
# text = Young children usually do not have to fast in Ramadan.
1	Young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	fast	fast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | Young children |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fast** | to-infinitive | Young children *not said here* |  |  | Ramadan |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the end of Ramadan, people celebrate Eid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x4:1
# text = At the end of Ramadan, people celebrate Eid.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Eid	Eid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | people | Eid |  |  | at the end of Ramadan |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eid=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned about Ramadan in religious education.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x5:1
# text = We learned about Ramadan in religious education.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  | religious education |  | about Ramadan | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about ramadan=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Ramadan Mubarak!" said our teacher to the Muslim pupils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x6:1
# text = "Ramadan Mubarak!" said our teacher to the Muslim pupils.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Mubarak	Mubarak	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Muslim	Muslim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ramadan Mubarak |  | the Muslim pupils |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to pupil=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During Ramadan, many people give money to the poor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ramadan:x7:1
# text = During Ramadan, many people give money to the poor.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ramadan	Ramadan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | many people | money | the poor |  | during Ramadan |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to poor=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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