---
title: rankle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rankle» in the school dictionary: To rankle is to keep causing hurt, anger or bitterness for a long time, long after the event is over. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rankle

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**Who acts:** anger, event · **What happens:** rankle, be, cause, hurt, lose · **To what, where:** anger, unkind words, thorn, heart, lost penalty

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«rankle» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rankle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rankle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rankle is to keep causing hurt, anger or bitterness for a long time, long after the event is over.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rankle:m1:1
# text = To rankle is to keep causing hurt, anger or bitterness for a long time, long after the event is over.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rankle	rankle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bitterness	bitterness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
18	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	over	over	ADV	RB	_	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rankle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | keep, long *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | gerund |  | anger or bitterness |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **hurt** | participle | anger or bitterness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | present | the event |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The unkind words rankled for days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rankle:x1:1
# text = The unkind words rankled for days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	rankled	rankle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rankle** | participle |  | the unkind words *not said here* |  |  | day |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thorn of love rankled in his heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rankle:x2:1
# text = The thorn of love rankled in his heart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thorn	thorn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	rankled	rankle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rankle** | participle |  | the thorn of love *not said here* |  | his heart |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even after the game, the lost penalty still rankled with him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rankle:x3:1
# text = Even after the game, the lost penalty still rankled with him.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	after	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	penalty	penalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	still	still	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	rankled	rankle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rankle** | participle |  | the lost penalty *not said here* |  |  | still | with him *= he* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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