---
title: ratified — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ratified» in the school dictionary: To ratify a treaty, agreement or law is to make it official by voting or signing to approve it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ratified

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** countries, school council, changes, Parliament, treaty · **What happens:** ratify, be, vote, sign, approve, describe · **To what, where:** treaty, law, something, way, country, new rules

<!-- .vabout -->
«ratified» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ratified in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ratified.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ratify a treaty, agreement or law is to make it official by voting or signing to approve it.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:m1:1
# text = To ratify a treaty, agreement or law is to make it official by voting or signing to approve it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ratify	ratify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
14	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	voting	vote	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	signing	sign	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	approve	approve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | to-infinitive |  | a treaty or law |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, official *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **vote** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sign** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V when S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **approve** | to-infinitive |  | law |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ratified describes something that has been approved in this way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:m2:1
# text = Ratified describes something that has been approved in this way.
1	Ratified	ratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	mark	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	approved	approve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 3 | **approve** | present · perfect · passive |  |  |  | this way |  |  | vn allow-64.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The treaty was ratified by both countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:x1:1
# text = The treaty was ratified by both countries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | past · passive | both countries | the treaty |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Almost every country has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:x2:1
# text = Almost every country has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.
1	Almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Convention	Convention	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Rights	Right	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Child	Child	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | present · perfect · passive |  | every country |  |  |  | almost *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school council ratified the new rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:x3:1
# text = The school council ratified the new rules.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | past | the school council | the new rules |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The changes must be ratified before they count.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:x4:1
# text = The changes must be ratified before they count.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	changes	change	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	count	count	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | must · passive |  | the changes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **count** | present | changes *= change* |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Parliament ratified the agreement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:x5:1
# text = Parliament ratified the agreement.
1	Parliament	Parliament	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | past | Parliament | the agreement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once ratified, the treaty became law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratified:x6:1
# text = Once ratified, the treaty became law.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
2	ratified	ratify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ratify** | participle | the treaty *not said here* |  |  |  |  | once *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | the treaty | law |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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