---
title: ratty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ratty» in the school dictionary: Bad-tempered and easily annoyed; grumpy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ratty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ratty, best friend, I, He, you, dog · **What happens:** temper, tear, be, love, mess, take · **To what, where:** friendly nickname, Mole, river, ratty old T shirt, fence, Ratty · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ratty» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ratty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ratty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Australia, NZ, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bad-tempered and easily annoyed; grumpy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:m1:1
# text = Bad-tempered and easily annoyed; grumpy.
1	Bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	tempered	temper	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	annoyed	annoyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	grumpy	grumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **temper** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shabby, old and torn, like a ratty old jumper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:m2:1
# text = Shabby, old and torn, like a ratty old jumper.
1	Shabby	shabby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	torn	tear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	ratty	ratty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a ratty old jumper | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Like a rat, or full of rats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:m3:1
# text = Like a rat, or full of rats.
1	Like	like	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rat	rat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ratty is the friendly nickname of the Water Rat in The Wind in the Willows, Mole's best friend, who loves «messing about in boats».

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:m4:1
# text = Ratty is the friendly nickname of the Water Rat in The Wind in the Willows, Mole's best friend, who loves «messing about in boats».
1	Ratty	Ratty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Water	Water	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Rat	Rat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Wind	Wind	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Willows	Willow	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	20	amod	_	_
20	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	messing	mess	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
26	about	about	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ratty | the friendly nickname |  |  |  | of the Water Rat in the Wind in the Willows | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** | present | Mole's best friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **mess** *in a quote* | gerund | Mole's best friend *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about boats | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ratty took Mole for his first boat ride on the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x1:1
# text = Ratty took Mole for his first boat ride on the river.
1	Ratty	Ratty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
7	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	ride	ride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Ratty | Mole |  |  |  | for Ratty's first boat ride on the river | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent mole=Theme for ride=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **ride** |  | Ratty |  |  | the river |  |  | nom ride «act transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'm always ratty when I'm tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x2:1
# text = I'm always ratty when I'm tired.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	ratty	ratty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | always, ratty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore a ratty old T-shirt to paint the fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x3:1
# text = He wore a ratty old T-shirt to paint the fence.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	ratty	ratty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	T	t	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	paint	paint	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | a ratty old T shirt |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent shirt=Theme |
| 2 | **paint** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | the fence |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent fence=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Believe me, my young friend,» said Ratty, «there is nothing half so much worth doing as messing about in boats.»

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x4:1
# text = «Believe me, my young friend,» said Ratty, «there is nothing half so much worth doing as messing about in boats.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Ratty	Ratty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
16	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	17	compound	_	_
17	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	15	nsubj	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	much	much	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	_
21	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	xcomp	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	messing	mess	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
24	about	about	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | Ratty |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ratty |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | worth *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **mess** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about boats | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't get ratty with your little brother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x5:1
# text = Don't get ratty with your little brother.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	ratty	ratty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **get** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ratty *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ratty and Mole went to the Wild Wood to find Badger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x6:1
# text = Ratty and Mole went to the Wild Wood to find Badger.
1	Ratty	Ratty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Mole	Mole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Wild	Wild	PROPN	NNP	_	8	flat	_	_
8	Wood	Wood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
11	Badger	Badger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Ratty and Mole |  |  | the Wild Wood |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to wood=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Ratty and Mole *not said here* | Badger |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent badger=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog chewed his toy until it was ratty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ratty:x7:1
# text = The dog chewed his toy until it was ratty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chewed	chew	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	ratty	ratty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chew** | past | the dog | dog's toy |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | toy |  |  |  |  | ratty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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