---
title: ravage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ravage» in the school dictionary: To damage or destroy something badly: «The storm ravaged the coast.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ravage

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** storm, Bushfires, war, Locusts, old castle, terrible disease · **What happens:** damage, destroy, ravage, show, pass, slay · **To what, where:** something, coast, war, time, huge areas, town

<!-- .vabout -->
«ravage» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ravage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ravage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To damage or destroy something badly: «The storm ravaged the coast.».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:m1:1
# text = To damage or destroy something badly: «The storm ravaged the coast.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
6	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | to-infinitive | the storm *not said here* | something |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **destroy** | infinitive | the storm *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ravage** *in a quote* | past | the storm | the coast |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coast=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: the ravages of — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The very bad effects of something over time: «the ravages of war», «the ravages of time».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:m2:1
# text = The very bad effects of something over time: «the ravages of war», «the ravages of time».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ravages	ravage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ravages	ravage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ravage** *in a quote* |  |  | war |  |  |  |  | nom ravage «event transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **ravage** *in a quote* |  |  | time |  |  |  |  | nom ravage «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bushfires ravaged huge areas of Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x1:1
# text = Bushfires ravaged huge areas of Australia.
1	Bushfires	bushfire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ravage** | past | Bushfires | huge areas of Australia |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town was ravaged by war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x2:1
# text = The town was ravaged by war.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ravage** | past · passive | war | the town |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Locusts ravaged the farmers' crops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x3:1
# text = Locusts ravaged the farmers' crops.
1	Locusts	locust	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ravage** | past | Locusts | the farmers's crops |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old castle shows the ravages of time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x4:1
# text = The old castle shows the ravages of time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ravages	ravage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the old castle | the ravages of time |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ravage=Recipient |
| 2 | **ravage** |  |  | time |  |  |  |  | nom ravage «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A terrible disease ravaged Europe in the 1300s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x5:1
# text = A terrible disease ravaged Europe in the 1300s.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	1300s	1300	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ravage** | past | a terrible disease | Europe |  | the 1300s |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent europe=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hurricane ravaged the islands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x6:1
# text = The hurricane ravaged the islands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hurricane	hurricane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ravage** | past | the hurricane | the islands |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Passing through the woody district of Crommyon Theseus next slew a wild and dangerous sow which had long ravaged the country.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ravage:x7:1
# text = Passing through the woody district of Crommyon Theseus next slew a wild and dangerous sow which had long ravaged the country.
1	Passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	woody	woody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Crommyon	Crommyon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	Theseus	Theseus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	next	next	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	sow	sow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
19	ravaged	ravage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | gerund |  |  |  | the woody district of Crommyon |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through district=Location |
| 2 | **slay** | past |  | a wild sow |  |  |  | next *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sow=Patient |
| 3 | **ravage** | past · perfect · passive |  | a wild sow |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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