---
title: raven — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «raven» in the school dictionary: A very large black bird of the crow family, with a deep croaking call and a thick beak. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# raven

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ravens, Legend, six ravens, princess, Noah, raven · **What happens:** croak, be, say, stay, bring, have · **To what, where:** raven, top, Tower, Elijah bread, Bible, long raven hair · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«raven» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [raven in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/raven.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large black bird of the crow family, with a deep croaking call and a thick beak.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:m1:1
# text = A very large black bird of the crow family, with a deep croaking call and a thick beak.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	croaking	croaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
adjective (of hair) Shiny black: raven hair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:m2:1
# text = adjective (of hair) Shiny black: raven hair.
1	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	raven	raven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A raven croaked from the top of the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x1:1
# text = A raven croaked from the top of the castle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	croaked	croak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **croak** | participle |  | a raven *not said here* |  | the top of the castle |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from top=Causer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ravens are among the cleverest birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x2:1
# text = Ravens are among the cleverest birds.
1	Ravens	raven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	cleverest	clever	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ravens |  |  |  |  | among the cleverest birds | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Legend says six ravens must stay at the Tower of London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x3:1
# text = Legend says six ravens must stay at the Tower of London.
1	Legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	ravens	raven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Tower	Tower	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Legend |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stay** | must | six ravens |  |  | the Tower of London |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at tower=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible, ravens brought Elijah bread and meat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x4:1
# text = In the Bible, ravens brought Elijah bread and meat.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	ravens	raven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | ravens | Elijah bread and meat |  | the Bible |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent bread=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The princess had long raven hair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x5:1
# text = The princess had long raven hair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the princess | long raven hair |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hair=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noah sent out a raven to look for dry land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x6:1
# text = Noah sent out a raven to look for dry land.
1	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send out** | past | Noah | a raven |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raven=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | to-infinitive | Noah *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for dry land | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for land=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the raven shook his head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raven:x7:1
# text = But the raven shook his head.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | the raven | raven's head |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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