---
title: raw — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «raw» in the school dictionary: Raw food is not cooked. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# raw

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Raw materials, something, Raw skin, Raw feelings, Raw weather, you · **What happens:** not cook, be, make, rub, not eat, eat · **To what, where:** Raw food, things, natural state, materials, raw chicken, Carrots

<!-- .vabout -->
«raw» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [raw in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/raw.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raw food is not cooked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:m1:1
# text = Raw food is not cooked.
1	Raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cook** | present · passive |  | Raw food |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raw materials are things in their natural state before they are made into something, like raw cotton or crude oil.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:m2:1
# text = Raw materials are things in their natural state before they are made into something, like raw cotton or crude oil.
1	Raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	crude	crude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Raw materials | things |  | materials's natural state |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive | something | materials *= material* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material subject=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raw skin is red and sore, as if rubbed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:m3:1
# text = Raw skin is red and sore, as if rubbed.
1	Raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Raw skin |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Raw skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **rub** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | Raw skin *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raw feelings are strong and painful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:m4:1
# text = Raw feelings are strong and painful.
1	Raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Raw feelings |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Raw feelings *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raw weather is cold and damp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:m5:1
# text = Raw weather is cold and damp.
1	Raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Raw weather |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Raw weather *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never eat raw chicken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x1:1
# text = Never eat raw chicken.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative | you *not said here* | raw chicken |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chicken=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrots can be eaten raw or cooked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x2:1
# text = Carrots can be eaten raw or cooked.
1	Carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | can · passive |  | Carrots |  |  |  | raw *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands after touching raw meat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x3:1
# text = Wash your hands after touching raw meat.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **touch** | gerund | you *not said here* | raw meat |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme meat=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wood is a raw material for paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x4:1
# text = Wood is a raw material for paper.
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Wood | a raw material |  |  |  | for paper | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My heel was rubbed raw by my new shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x5:1
# text = My heel was rubbed raw by my new shoes.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heel	heel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past · passive |  | My heel |  |  |  | by my new shoes; raw *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme by shoe=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a raw, windy day at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x6:1
# text = It was a raw, windy day at the beach.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	windy	windy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a raw windy day |  | the beach |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists collected raw data and then made a graph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x7:1
# text = Scientists collected raw data and then made a graph.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | Scientists | raw data |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent data=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | Scientists *not said here* | a graph |  |  | then |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset graph=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They gave him a little piece of raw meat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:raw:x8:1
# text = They gave him a little piece of raw meat.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | They | a little piece of raw meat | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient piece=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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