---
title: recent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «recent» in the school dictionary: Happening or made not long ago: a recent photo, recent rain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# recent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** recent, This, recent score, Her, days, Recent studies · **What happens:** happen, make, mean, be, score, get · **To what, where:** recent photo, newest, Recent rain, 92, more sleep, recent drawing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«recent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [recent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/recent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening or made not long ago: a recent photo, recent rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:m1:1
# text = Happening or made not long ago: a recent photo, recent rain.
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | participle · passive |  | a recent photo and recent rain |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The most recent» means the newest or latest one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:m2:1
# text = «The most recent» means the newest or latest one.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	newest	new	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	latest	late	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	conj	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the recent | the newest |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent new=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is a recent photo of my dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x1:1
# text = This is a recent photo of my dog.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | This | a recent photo |  |  |  | of my dog | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Recent rain has made the river high.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x2:1
# text = Recent rain has made the river high.
1	Recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | Recent rain |  |  |  | high *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her most recent score was 92.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x3:1
# text = Her most recent score was 92.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	3	advmod	_	_
3	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	92	92	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Her recent score | 92 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **score** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom score «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In recent weeks, the days have got colder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x4:1
# text = In recent weeks, the days have got colder.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
9	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · perfect | the days |  |  |  | week | cold *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Recent studies show children need more sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x5:1
# text = Recent studies show children need more sleep.
1	Recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Recent studies |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **need** | present | children | more sleep |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sleep=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town has grown in recent times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x6:1
# text = The town has grown in recent times.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · perfect | the town |  |  |  | time |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is this a recent drawing?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x7:1
# text = Is this a recent drawing?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this | a recent drawing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our most recent trip was to the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x8:1
# text = Our most recent trip was to the coast.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	3	advmod	_	_
3	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Our recent trip |  |  |  |  | to the coast | tree rules |
| 2 | **trip** |  | Our |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war in 1490 was spoken of as quite recent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recent:x9:1
# text = The war in 1490 was spoken of as quite recent.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1490	1490	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | the war in 1490 |  |  |  | of recent | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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