---
title: recession — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «recession» in the school dictionary: A time when a country's businesses do badly, many people lose jobs and spending falls. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# recession

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** businesses, many people, spending, act, glacier, people · **What happens:** do, lose, fall, move back, go back, job · **To what, where:** jobs, recession, more money

<!-- .vabout -->
«recession» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [recession in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/recession.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A time when a country's businesses do badly, many people lose jobs and spending falls.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:m1:1
# text = A time when a country's businesses do badly, many people lose jobs and spending falls.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
9	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	spending	spending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | a country's businesses |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** | present | many people | jobs |  |  | time |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 3 | **fall** | present | spending |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of moving back or away, like a tide or a glacier going back.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:m2:1
# text = The act of moving back or away, like a tide or a glacier going back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move back** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a tide or a glacier | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go back** | gerund | a glacier *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people lost their jobs in the recession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:x1:1
# text = Many people lost their jobs in the recession.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | Many people | people's jobs |  | the recession |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **job** |  | people |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's shop struggled during the recession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:x2:1
# text = Dad's shop struggled during the recession.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	struggled	struggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | past | Dad's shop |  |  |  | during the recession |  | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country slowly came out of recession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:x3:1
# text = The country slowly came out of recession.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | past | the country | recession |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient recession=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prices stayed the same during the recession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:x4:1
# text = Prices stayed the same during the recession.
1	Prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	during	during	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | Prices |  |  |  | during the recession | same *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists measured the recession of the glacier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:x5:1
# text = Scientists measured the recession of the glacier.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | Scientists | the recession of the glacier |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme recession=Value |
| 2 | **recede** |  | the glacier |  |  |  |  |  | nom recession «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People saved more money because of the recession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recession:x6:1
# text = People saved more money because of the recession.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	recession	recession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | People | more money |  |  |  | because the recession | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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