---
title: reclining — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reclining» in the school dictionary: Leaning or lying back in a relaxed way: «a reclining figure». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reclining

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Grandad, coach, Henry, cat, huge reclining Buddha statue, you · **What happens:** lean, lie back, recline, tip back, lean back, fall · **To what, where:** reclining figure, relaxed way, seats, plane, reclining chair, big statues · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reclining» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reclining in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reclining.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leaning or lying back in a relaxed way: «a reclining figure».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:m1:1
# text = Leaning or lying back in a relaxed way: «a reclining figure».
1	Leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | gerund |  | a reclining figure |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie back** | gerund |  |  |  | a relaxed way |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in way=Location |
| 3 | **recline** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of seats — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Able to tip back: «a reclining chair», «reclining seats on a plane».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:m2:1
# text = Able to tip back: «a reclining chair», «reclining seats on a plane».
1	Able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	tip	tip	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
14	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tip back** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **recline** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **recline** *in a quote* | gerund |  | seats |  | a plane |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent seat=Theme on plane=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lying back or leaning back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:m3:1
# text = Lying back or leaning back.
1	Lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie back** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lean back** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad fell asleep in his reclining chair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x1:1
# text = Grandad fell asleep in his reclining chair.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Grandad |  |  | Grandad's reclining chair |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in chair=Location |
| 2 | **recline** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach had reclining seats for the long trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x2:1
# text = The coach had reclining seats for the long trip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the coach |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **recline** | gerund | the coach *not said here* | seats |  |  |  | for the long trip | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seat=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Henry Moore made big statues of reclining figures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x3:1
# text = Henry Moore made big statues of reclining figures.
1	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Moore	Moore	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	statues	statue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Henry | big statues of reclining figures |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent statue=Product |
| 2 | **recline** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat was reclining on the warm windowsill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x4:1
# text = The cat was reclining on the warm windowsill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	windowsill	windowsill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recline** | past · progressive | the cat |  |  | the warm windowsill |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent on windowsill=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Thailand there is a huge reclining Buddha statue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x5:1
# text = In Thailand there is a huge reclining Buddha statue.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Thailand	Thailand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
8	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a huge reclining Buddha statue |  |  | Thailand; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in thailand=Location |
| 2 | **recline** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please put your reclining seat upright for landing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x6:1
# text = Please put your reclining seat upright for landing.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	reclining	reclining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your seat upright |  |  |  | for landing | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent upright=Goal |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Here," said Noureddin, "let us pass the night," and reclining on the sofas they soon fell asleep.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reclining:x7:1
# text = "Here," said Noureddin, "let us pass the night," and reclining on the sofas they soon fell asleep.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Noureddin	Noureddin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
10	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	reclining	recline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sofas	sofa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
23	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Noureddin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pass** *in a quote* | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **recline** | gerund | Noureddin *not said here* |  |  | the sofas |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on sofa=Location |
| 5 | **fall** | past | sofas *= sofa* | the sofas *not said here* |  |  |  | asleep, soon *property* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient sofa=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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