---
title: recommence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «recommence» in the school dictionary: To begin again after a stop or break. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# recommence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lessons, rain, match, builders, music, you · **What happens:** begin, start, do, recommence, stop, ring · **To what, where:** something, work, bridge, test, six o'clock, hall

<!-- .vabout -->
«recommence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [recommence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/recommence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To begin again after a stop or break.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:m1:1
# text = To begin again after a stop or break.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	begin	begin	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | after a stop or break; again |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To start doing something again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:m2:1
# text = To start doing something again.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  | again |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lessons will recommence on Monday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x1:1
# text = Lessons will recommence on Monday.
1	Lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	recommence	recommence	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recommence** | future | Lessons |  |  |  | monday |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the rain stopped, the match recommenced.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x2:1
# text = After the rain stopped, the match recommenced.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	recommenced	recommence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **recommence** | past | the match |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders recommenced work on the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x3:1
# text = The builders recommenced work on the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	recommenced	recommence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recommence** | past | the builders | work |  | the bridge |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The music stopped, then recommenced a minute later.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x4:1
# text = The music stopped, then recommenced a minute later.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	recommenced	recommence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the music |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **recommence** | past | the music *not said here* |  |  |  | then; minute | late *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please recommence your test when the bell rings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x5:1
# text = Please recommence your test when the bell rings.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	recommence	recommence	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rings	ring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recommence** | imperative | you *not said here* | your test |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ring** | present | the bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **test** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trains will recommence running at six o'clock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x6:1
# text = Trains will recommence running at six o'clock.
1	Trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	recommence	recommence	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	o'clock	o'clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recommence** | future | Trains |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **run** | gerund | Trains *not said here* |  |  | six o'clock |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at o'clock=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the hall was cleansed and the banquet recommenced.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recommence:x7:1
# text = Then the hall was cleansed and the banquet recommenced.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	cleansed	cleanse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	banquet	banquet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	recommenced	recommence	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cleanse** | past · passive |  | the hall |  |  | then |  | vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **recommence** | past | the banquet |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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