---
title: recumbent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «recumbent» in the school dictionary: Lying down, especially on your back or leaning back. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/recumbent/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / recumbent

# recumbent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** recumbent bicycle, you, cat, grandad, statue, She · **What happens:** lie down, lean back, be, ride, sit back, lie · **To what, where:** back, one, low seat, sun., recumbent exercise bike, gym

<!-- .vabout -->
«recumbent» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [recumbent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/recumbent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lying down, especially on your back or leaning back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:m1:1
# text = Lying down, especially on your back or leaning back.
1	Lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie down** | gerund |  |  |  | your back |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on back=Location |
| 2 | **lean back** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A recumbent bicycle or bike is one you ride sitting back in a low seat with your legs in front.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:m2:1
# text = A recumbent bicycle or bike is one you ride sitting back in a low seat with your legs in front.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ride	ride	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a recumbent bicycle or bike | one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **ride** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sit back** | gerund |  |  |  | a low seat |  | with your legs; in front | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in seat=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short name for a recumbent bicycle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:m3:1
# text = A short name for a recumbent bicycle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat lay recumbent in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x1:1
# text = The cat lay recumbent in the sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | past | the cat |  |  | the sun. |  | recumbent *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sun.=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad uses a recumbent exercise bike at the gym.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x2:1
# text = My grandad uses a recumbent exercise bike at the gym.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gym	gym	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | My grandad | a recumbent exercise bike |  | the gym |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The statue shows a recumbent knight on top of his tomb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x3:1
# text = The statue shows a recumbent knight on top of his tomb.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	tomb	tomb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the statue |  | a recumbent knight | top of statue's tomb |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent knight=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She rides a recumbent to school and it looks very low.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x4:1
# text = She rides a recumbent to school and it looks very low.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	recumbent	recumbent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | She | a recumbent |  | school |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent recumbent=Theme to school=Trajectory |
| 2 | **look** | present | recumbent |  |  |  |  | low *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The patient stayed in a recumbent position after the operation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x5:1
# text = The patient stayed in a recumbent position after the operation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	patient	patient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | the patient |  |  | a recumbent position | after the operation |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in position=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A recumbent bike is easier on your back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x6:1
# text = A recumbent bike is easier on your back.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a recumbent bike |  |  | your back |  | easy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lions were recumbent under the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x7:1
# text = The lions were recumbent under the tree.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lions |  |  | the tree |  | recumbent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hypnus is sometimes depicted standing erect with closed eyes; at others he is in a recumbent position beside his brother Thanatos, and usually bears a poppy-stalk in his hand.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:recumbent:x8:1
# text = Hypnus is sometimes depicted standing erect with closed eyes; at others he is in a recumbent position beside his brother Thanatos, and usually bears a poppy-stalk in his hand.
1	Hypnus	Hypnus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	depicted	depict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	erect	erect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	recumbent	recumbent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
19	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	Thanatos	Thanatos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	appos	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	poppy	poppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	stalk	stalk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depict** | present · passive |  | Hypnus |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | erect *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **close** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | present | Hypnus |  |  | a recumbent position |  | at others; beside Hypnus's brother | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [rector](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/rector/)
- next →: [recuperation](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/recuperation/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)