---
title: redshift — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «redshift» in the school dictionary: Redshift is when light from a star or galaxy moving away from us is stretched so it looks redder, shifting towards the red end of the rainbow. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/redshift/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / redshift

# redshift

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** galaxy, light, It, universe, Redshift, galaxies · **What happens:** move away, be, look, shift, expand, tell · **To what, where:** Redshift, redder, evidence, us, sound, longer waves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«redshift» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [redshift in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/redshift.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redshift is when light from a star or galaxy moving away from us is stretched so it looks redder, shifting towards the red end of the rainbow.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:m1:1
# text = Redshift is when light from a star or galaxy moving away from us is stretched so it looks redder, shifting towards the red end of the rainbow.
1	Redshift	redshift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
19	redder	redder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	shifting	shift	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
22	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move away** | gerund | galaxy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from us; away *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from we=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present · passive |  | Redshift |  |  |  | stretch *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | present | light | redder |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme redder=Attribute |
| 4 | **shift** | gerund | light *not said here* |  |  |  | towards the red end of the rainbow |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is evidence that the universe is expanding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:m2:1
# text = It is evidence that the universe is expanding.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	expanding	expand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | evidence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **expand** | present · progressive | the universe | evidence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent evidence=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redshift tells us galaxies are moving away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:x1:1
# text = Redshift tells us galaxies are moving away.
1	Redshift	redshift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | Redshift |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **move away** | present · progressive | galaxies |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The further away a galaxy, the bigger its redshift.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:x2:1
# text = The further away a galaxy, the bigger its redshift.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	further	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	redshift	redshift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists measured the redshift of the light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:x3:1
# text = Scientists measured the redshift of the light.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	redshift	redshift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | Scientists | the redshift of the light |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme redshift=Value |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redshift is like the change in a passing siren's sound, but for light.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:x4:1
# text = Redshift is like the change in a passing siren's sound, but for light.
1	Redshift	redshift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	siren	siren	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Redshift |  |  | a passing siren's sound |  | like the change but light | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redshift helped scientists discover that the universe is getting bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:x5:1
# text = Redshift helped scientists discover that the universe is getting bigger.
1	Redshift	Redshift	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	discover	discover	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Redshift |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **discover** | present | scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | present · progressive | the universe |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red light has longer waves, so redshift means stretched waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redshift:x6:1
# text = Red light has longer waves, so redshift means stretched waves.
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	redshift	redshift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Red light | longer waves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present | redshift | stretched waves |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Topic |
| 3 | **stretch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [redress](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/redress/)
- next →: [redskin](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/redskin/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)