---
title: reduce — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reduce» in the school dictionary: To reduce something is to make it smaller in size, amount, number or strength. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reduce

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sauce, you, shop, We, Wearing, sad film · **What happens:** reduce, be, become, bring, mean, write down · **To what, where:** something, price, cooking, worse state, tears, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reduce» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reduce in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reduce.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reduce something is to make it smaller in size, amount, number or strength.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:m1:1
# text = To reduce something is to make it smaller in size, amount, number or strength.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, small *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reduce a price is to make it cheaper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:m2:1
# text = To reduce a price is to make it cheaper.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive |  | a price |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer price=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cheap, make *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In cooking, to reduce a sauce is to boil it so it becomes thicker and smaller in amount.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:m3:1
# text = In cooking, to reduce a sauce is to boil it so it becomes thicker and smaller in amount.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	cooking	cooking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	boil	boil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	thicker	thick	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	14	xcomp	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | cooking |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Causer clause=Goal |
| 2 | **is** | present | a sauce |  |  |  |  | boil *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | present | sauce |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be reduced to something is to be brought to a worse state, such as being reduced to tears.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:m4:1
# text = To be reduced to something is to be brought to a worse state, such as being reduced to tears.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to something | tree rules |
| 3 | **bring** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  | a worse state |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to state=Destination |
| 4 | **reduce** | gerund · passive |  | a worse state *not said here* |  |  |  | to tears *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: to tear=Goal |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reduce something can mean to write it down in a simpler, standard form.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:m5:1
# text = To reduce something can mean to write it down in a simpler, standard form.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	simpler	simple	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	standard	standard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer something=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **write down** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  | a simpler standard form |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in form=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduce 20 by 5 and you get 15.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x1:1
# text = Reduce 20 by 5 and you get 15.
1	Reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obj	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | imperative | you *not said here* | 20 |  |  |  | by 5 | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer 20=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | present | you | 15 |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer 15=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop reduced the price of the shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x2:1
# text = The shop reduced the price of the shoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | past | the shop | the price of the shoes |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer price=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We can reduce waste by using a lunchbox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x3:1
# text = We can reduce waste by using a lunchbox.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lunchbox	lunchbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | can | We | waste |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer waste=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | We *not said here* | a lunchbox |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunchbox=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduce speed near schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x4:1
# text = Reduce speed near schools.
1	Reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | imperative | you *not said here* | speed |  | schools |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer speed=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wearing a helmet reduces the risk of head injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x5:1
# text = Wearing a helmet reduces the risk of head injury.
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	reduces	reduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund |  | a helmet |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |
| 2 | **reduce** | present | Wearing | the risk of head injury |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer risk=Patient |
| 3 | **risk** |  |  | head injury |  |  |  |  | nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduce the fraction 4/8 to 1/2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x6:1
# text = Reduce the fraction 4/8 to 1/2.
1	Reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	4/8	4/8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	flat	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1/2	1/2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | imperative | you *not said here* | the fraction |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer fraction=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cook the sauce until it reduces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x7:1
# text = Cook the sauce until it reduces.
1	Cook	cook	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	reduces	reduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sauce |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sauce=Patient |
| 2 | **reduce** | present | sauce |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sad film reduced me to tears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x8:1
# text = The sad film reduced me to tears.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | past | the sad film | me |  |  |  | to tears *goal* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer i=Patient to tear=Goal |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have reduced the Suffolk dialect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reduce:x9:1
# text = I have reduced the Suffolk dialect.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Suffolk	Suffolk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | present · perfect | I | the Suffolk dialect |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dialect=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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