---
title: redundancy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «redundancy» in the school dictionary: Redundancy is losing your job because the employer no longer needs that job — for example when a factory closes — not because of anything you did wrong. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# redundancy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Redundancy, employer, factory, you, your, Redundancy pay · **What happens:** lose, need, close, do, job, be · **To what, where:** job, money, worker, more, case, Dad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«redundancy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [redundancy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/redundancy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: work, UK, Ireland, Australia — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redundancy is losing your job because the employer no longer needs that job — for example when a factory closes — not because of anything you did wrong.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:m1:1
# text = Redundancy is losing your job because the employer no longer needs that job — for example when a factory closes — not because of anything you did wrong.
1	Redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	employer	employer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	no	no	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
12	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	20	mark	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	closes	close	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
21	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
23	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	28	nsubj	_	_
26	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	acl:relcl	_	_
28	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · progressive | Redundancy | your job |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **need** | present | the employer | that job |  |  |  | for example; long *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot job=Theme |
| 3 | **close** | present | a factory |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **do** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **job** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redundancy pay is money given to a worker who is made redundant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:m2:1
# text = Redundancy pay is money given to a worker who is made redundant.
1	Redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	redundant	redundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Redundancy pay | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | money *not said here* | a worker |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to worker=Recipient |
| 3 | **make** | present · passive |  | a worker |  |  |  | redundant *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Redundancy is having more of something than is needed, like spare parts kept "just in case" or repeated words.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:m3:1
# text = Redundancy is having more of something than is needed, like spare parts kept "just in case" or repeated words.
1	Redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	spare	spare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	just	just	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	repeated	repeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · progressive | Redundancy | more |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | like spare parts | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF» |
| 3 | **keep** | participle | spare parts *not said here* | case |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Theme |
| 4 | **repeat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad was made redundant when the factory closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:x1:1
# text = Dad was made redundant when the factory closed.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	redundant	redundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Dad |  |  |  | redundant *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **close** | participle | the factory |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum got redundancy pay to help until she finds work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:x2:1
# text = Mum got redundancy pay to help until she finds work.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	redundancy	redundancy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	finds	find	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Mum | redundancy pay |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pay=Stimulus |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **find** | present | Mum | work |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hundreds of workers faced redundancy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:x3:1
# text = Hundreds of workers faced redundancy.
1	Hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	faced	face	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | past | Hundreds of workers | redundancy |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme redundancy=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It wasn't his fault — it was redundancy, not the sack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:x4:1
# text = It wasn't his fault — it was redundancy, not the sack.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sack	sack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | It | his fault and redundancy and the sack |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | it | redundancy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Planes have redundancy: if one system fails, another takes over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:x5:1
# text = Planes have redundancy: if one system fails, another takes over.
1	Planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fails	fail	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	another	another	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
11	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	over	over	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Planes | redundancy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent redundancy=Patient |
| 2 | **fail** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | one system |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **take over** | present | another |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Return back" has redundancy, because return already means go back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:redundancy:x6:1
# text = "Return back" has redundancy, because return already means go back.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Return	return	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	redundancy	redundancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	already	already	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return back** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | redundancy |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent redundancy=Patient |
| 3 | **mean** | present | return |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **go back** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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