---
title: refined — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refined» in the school dictionary: Polite, well-mannered and with good taste. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refined

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**Who acts:** refined lady, Refined sugar, jeweller · **What happens:** remove, refine, speak, eat, be, make · **To what, where:** Pure rough parts, ring · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«refined» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refined in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refined.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polite, well-mannered and with good taste.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refined:m1:1
# text = Polite, well-mannered and with good taste.
1	Polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	mannered	mannered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pure, with the rough parts removed (refined sugar, refined gold).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refined:m2:1
# text = Pure, with the rough parts removed (refined sugar, refined gold).
1	Pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	removed	remove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	refined	refine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	refined	refine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | participle |  | the Pure rough parts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **refine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **refine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The refined lady spoke softly and ate politely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refined:x1:1
# text = The refined lady spoke softly and ate politely.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	refined	refine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	politely	politely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the refined lady |  |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **eat** | past | the refined lady *not said here* |  |  |  |  | politely *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refined sugar is whiter than brown sugar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refined:x2:1
# text = Refined sugar is whiter than brown sugar.
1	Refined	refine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	whiter	white	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Refined sugar |  |  |  |  | than brown sugar; white *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jeweller made a ring of refined gold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refined:x3:1
# text = The jeweller made a ring of refined gold.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jeweller	jeweller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	refined	refine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the jeweller | a ring of refined gold |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product |
| 2 | **refine** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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