---
title: refinement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refinement» in the school dictionary: Good manners, fine taste and polish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refinement

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**Who acts:** refinement, Her, oil, drawing · **What happens:** make, show, refine, fit, have · **To what, where:** cleaning, gentle manners, oil, crude oil, many small refinements

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«refinement» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refinement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refinement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good manners, fine taste and polish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refinement:m1:1
# text = Good manners, fine taste and polish.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	polish	polish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small improvement or fine detail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refinement:m2:1
# text = A small improvement or fine detail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	improvement	improvement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	detail	detail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cleaning of something to make it pure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refinement:m3:1
# text = The cleaning of something to make it pure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | cleaning |  |  |  | pure *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her refinement showed in her gentle manners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refinement:x1:1
# text = Her refinement showed in her gentle manners.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	refinement	refinement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Her refinement |  |  | refinement's gentle manners |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **refine** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom refinement «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The refinement of crude oil makes it fit for engines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refinement:x2:1
# text = The refinement of crude oil makes it fit for engines.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refinement	refinement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	crude	crude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	fit	fit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the refinement of crude oil | oil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fit** | infinitive | oil *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for engines | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **refine** |  |  | crude oil |  |  |  |  | nom refinement «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drawing had many small refinements.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refinement:x3:1
# text = The drawing had many small refinements.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drawing	drawing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	refinements	refinement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the drawing | many small refinements |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refinement=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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