---
title: reflect — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reflect» in the school dictionary: When a surface reflects light, sound or heat, it sends it back. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reflect

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** surface, mirror, water, your, face, someone · **What happens:** reflect, send back, show, image, mean, think · **To what, where:** light, heat, you, image, something, it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reflect» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reflect in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reflect.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When a surface reflects light, sound or heat, it sends it back.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:m1:1
# text = When a surface reflects light, sound or heat, it sends it back.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | a surface | light and sound or heat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send back** | present | surface | heat |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mirror or water reflects you when it shows your image.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:m2:1
# text = A mirror or water reflects you when it shows your image.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | a mirror or water | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | water | your image |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent image=Recipient |
| 3 | **image** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reflect on something means to think about it carefully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:m3:1
# text = To reflect on something means to think about it carefully.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reflect	reflect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | on something | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on something=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | about it; carefully *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about it=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reflect something can mean to show it, like a face reflecting how someone feels.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:m4:1
# text = To reflect something can mean to show it, like a face reflecting how someone feels.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reflect	reflect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	reflecting	reflect	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	nsubj	_	_
16	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **show** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | like a face | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 4 | **reflect** | gerund | a face *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **feel** | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mirror reflects light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x1:1
# text = A mirror reflects light.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | a mirror | light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Moon reflects light from the Sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x2:1
# text = The Moon reflects light from the Sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | the Moon | light |  |  | sunday |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trees were reflected in the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x3:1
# text = The trees were reflected in the lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | past · passive |  | the trees |  | the lake |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reflect the triangle in the dotted line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x4:1
# text = Reflect the triangle in the dotted line.
1	Reflect	reflect	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dotted	dot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | imperative | you *not said here* | the triangle |  | the dotted line |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dot** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear something that reflects light when you walk at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x5:1
# text = Wear something that reflects light when you walk at night.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reflects	reflect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **reflect** | present |  | light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **walk** | present | you |  |  |  | night |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take a minute to reflect on what you learned today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x6:1
# text = Take a minute to reflect on what you learned today.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reflect	reflect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | minute |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reflect** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on what=Topic |
| 3 | **learn** | past | you |  |  |  | today |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
White roofs reflect heat and keep houses cool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x7:1
# text = White roofs reflect heat and keep houses cool.
1	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	roofs	roof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reflect	reflect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | White roofs | heat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | White roofs *not said here* | houses |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her smile reflected how happy she was.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x8:1
# text = Her smile reflected how happy she was.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | past | Her smile |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | smile |  |  |  |  | happy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **smile** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom smile «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smee reflected. “I can’t think of a thing,” he said regretfully.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Smee reflected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x9:1
# text = Smee reflected.
1	Smee	Smee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | past | Smee |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* “I can’t think of a thing,” he said regretfully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflect:x9:2
# text = “I can’t think of a thing,” he said regretfully.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	regretfully	regretfully	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **think** *speech: other* *in a quote* | can | Smee |  |  |  |  | of a thing | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Smee |  |  |  |  | regretfully *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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