---
title: reflection — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reflection» in the school dictionary: A reflection is the picture you see in a mirror, in water or on a shiny surface. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reflection

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** reflection, you, heat, flip, cat, I · **What happens:** be, see, bounce back, look, image, think · **To what, where:** picture, mirror, science, surface, flip, maths · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reflection» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reflection in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reflection.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reflection is the picture you see in a mirror, in water or on a shiny surface.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:m1:1
# text = A reflection is the picture you see in a mirror, in water or on a shiny surface.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a reflection | the picture |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | present | you | the picture *not said here* |  | a mirror and water or a shiny surface |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer picture=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science, reflection is light, sound or heat bouncing back off a surface.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:m2:1
# text = In science, reflection is light, sound or heat bouncing back off a surface.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	bouncing	bounce	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	acl	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | reflection |  |  | science |  | light *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bounce back** | gerund | heat *not said here* |  |  | a surface |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off surface=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, a reflection is a flip of a shape over a line (a mirror line) so it looks like its mirror image.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:m3:1
# text = In maths, a reflection is a flip of a shape over a line (a mirror line) so it looks like its mirror image.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a reflection | a flip |  | maths |  | of a shape over a line | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | a flip |  |  |  |  | like flip's mirror image | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **image** |  | flip |  |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reflection is also careful thinking about something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:m4:1
# text = Reflection is also careful thinking about something.
1	Reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Reflection |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Reflection *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about something | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat stared at its reflection in the mirror.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x1:1
# text = The cat stared at its reflection in the mirror.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stare** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | in the mirror; at cat's reflection | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at reflection=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I saw the mountains' reflection in the still lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x2:1
# text = I saw the mountains' reflection in the still lake.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	still	still	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | the mountains's reflection |  | the lake |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reflection=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw the reflection of the triangle in the mirror line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x3:1
# text = Draw the reflection of the triangle in the mirror line.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	triangle	triangle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reflection of the triangle in the mirror line |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reflection=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reflection of light lets us see the Moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x4:1
# text = Reflection of light lets us see the Moon.
1	Reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | Reflection of light | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | us *not said here* | the Moon |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer moon=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An echo is a reflection of sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x5:1
# text = An echo is a reflection of sound.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a echo | a reflection |  |  |  | of sound | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On reflection, I think I was unfair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x6:1
# text = On reflection, I think I was unfair.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | I |  |  |  |  | on reflection | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent on reflection=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a short reflection about your science project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x7:1
# text = Write a short reflection about your science project.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a short reflection |  |  |  | about your science project | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reflection=Recipient about project=Topic |
| 2 | **project** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have got it all from my reflections and thoughts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reflection:x8:1
# text = I have got it all from my reflections and thoughts.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	reflections	reflection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · perfect | I | it |  | my reflections and thoughts |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from reflection=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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