---
title: reformation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reformation» in the school dictionary: The Reformation was the time, about five hundred years ago in Europe, when some Christians broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and started Protestant churches. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reformation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Reformation, Christians, big change, act, We, Martin Luther · **What happens:** be, break away, start, make, reform, put · **To what, where:** time, Protestant churches, big change, something, act, Church · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reformation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reformation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reformation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church, history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Reformation was the time, about five hundred years ago in Europe, when some Christians broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:m1:1
# text = The Reformation was the time, about five hundred years ago in Europe, when some Christians broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Reformation	Reformation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	_
9	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	Catholic	Catholic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
27	Protestant	protestant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Reformation | the time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break away** | past | some Christians |  |  |  |  | from the Roman Catholic Church; away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from church=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **start** | past | some Christians *not said here* | Protestant churches |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent church=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reformation is a big change that makes something better, especially a person's behaviour or a system.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:m2:1
# text = A reformation is a big change that makes something better, especially a person's behaviour or a system.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reformation	reformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a reformation | a big change and a person's behaviour or a system |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a big change and a person's behaviour or a system | something |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of reforming something, putting it right again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:m3:1
# text = The act of reforming something, putting it right again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	reforming	reform	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	right	right	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reform** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | the act *not said here* | act |  |  | again |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned that the Reformation split the Church in Western Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x1:1
# text = We learned that the Reformation split the Church in Western Europe.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Reformation	Reformation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	split	split	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Western	Western	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **split** | past | the Reformation | the Church |  | Western Europe |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent church=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin Luther is famous for starting the Reformation in Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x2:1
# text = Martin Luther is famous for starting the Reformation in Germany.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Reformation	Reformation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Martin Luther |  |  |  |  | famous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | gerund | Martin Luther *not said here* | the Reformation |  | Germany |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reformation=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the Reformation, many churches held services in English instead of Latin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x3:1
# text = After the Reformation, many churches held services in English instead of Latin.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Reformation	Reformation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | participle | many churches *not said here* | services |  | English |  | instead Latin | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent service=Theme in english=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new head teacher brought about a reformation of the school rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x4:1
# text = The new head teacher brought about a reformation of the school rules.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reformation	reformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring about** | past | the new head teacher | a reformation of the school rules |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition reformation=Patient |
| 2 | **reform** |  |  | the school rules |  |  |  |  | nom reformation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story tells of a thief's reformation into an honest man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x5:1
# text = The story tells of a thief's reformation into an honest man.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	reformation	reformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the story |  |  |  |  | of a thief's reformation; into a honest man | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **reform** |  | a thief |  |  |  |  |  | nom reformation «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town hall needed a total reformation of the way it spent money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x6:1
# text = The town hall needed a total reformation of the way it spent money.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	reformation	reformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | the town hall | a total reformation of the way |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot reformation=Theme |
| 2 | **spend** | past | hall | money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |
| 3 | **reform** |  |  | the way |  |  |  |  | nom reformation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our RE teacher drew a timeline of the Reformation on the board.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reformation:x7:1
# text = Our RE teacher drew a timeline of the Reformation on the board.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	RE	re	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	timeline	timeline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Reformation	Reformation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Our teacher | a timeline of the Reformation |  | the board |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent timeline=Theme on board=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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