---
title: refresh — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refresh» in the school dictionary: To refresh means to make someone feel less tired or hot, and more lively again. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refresh

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** someone, screen, glass, you, me, we · **What happens:** refresh, mean, make, feel, load, show · **To what, where:** someone, web page, screen, newest version, memory, yourself · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refresh» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refresh in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refresh.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refresh means to make someone feel less tired or hot, and more lively again.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:m1:1
# text = To refresh means to make someone feel less tired or hot, and more lively again.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refresh	refresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	_
15	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
16	again	again	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** *not said to happen* | infinitive | someone *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refresh a web page or screen means to load it again so it shows the newest version.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:m2:1
# text = To refresh a web page or screen means to load it again so it shows the newest version.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refresh	refresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	web	web	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	load	load	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	newest	new	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	amod	_	_
18	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | to-infinitive |  | a web page or screen |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus page=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **load** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | screen |  |  | again |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 4 | **show** | present | screen | the newest version |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent version=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refresh your memory means to remind yourself of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:m3:1
# text = To refresh your memory means to remind yourself of something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refresh	refresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	remind	remind	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	iobj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | to-infinitive |  | your memory |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus memory=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **remind** *speech: other* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  | yourself |  |  | of something | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent yourself=Recipient of something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glass of cold water will refresh you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:x1:1
# text = A glass of cold water will refresh you.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	refresh	refresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | future | a glass of cold water | you |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refresh the page to see the new scores.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:x2:1
# text = Refresh the page to see the new scores.
1	Refresh	refresh	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	scores	score	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | imperative | you *not said here* | the page |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus page=Experiencer |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the new scores |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer score=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let me refresh your memory: we read this chapter last week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:x3:1
# text = Let me refresh your memory: we read this chapter last week.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	refresh	refresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
9	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refresh** | infinitive | me *not said here* | your memory |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus memory=Experiencer |
| 3 | **read** | past | we | this chapter |  |  | week |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chapter=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt refreshed after a nap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:x4:1
# text = I felt refreshed after a nap.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	refreshed	refresh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nap	nap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **refresh** | participle | I *not said here* |  |  |  | after a nap |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cool breeze refreshed the hikers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:x5:1
# text = The cool breeze refreshed the hikers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	refreshed	refresh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hikers	hiker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | past | the cool breeze | the hikers |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hiker=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher refreshed the board with new questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refresh:x6:1
# text = The teacher refreshed the board with new questions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refreshed	refresh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refresh** | past | the teacher | the board |  |  |  | with new questions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus board=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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