---
title: refreshment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refreshment» in the school dictionary: Refreshments are small amounts of food and drink offered at a meeting, show or party. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refreshment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Refreshments, Refreshment, We, cold glass, refreshment tent, cup · **What happens:** be, offer, show, rest, mean, serve · **To what, where:** small amounts, drink, meeting, party, feeling, Refreshments

<!-- .vabout -->
«refreshment» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refreshment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refreshment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refreshments are small amounts of food and drink offered at a meeting, show or party.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:m1:1
# text = Refreshments are small amounts of food and drink offered at a meeting, show or party.
1	Refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Refreshments | small amounts |  |  |  | of food and drink | tree rules |
| 2 | **offer** | participle |  | drink *not said here* |  | a meeting |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | infinitive |  | party |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent party=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refreshment is the feeling of being fresh and rested again after being tired, hot or thirsty.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:m2:1
# text = Refreshment is the feeling of being fresh and rested again after being tired, hot or thirsty.
1	Refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	rested	rest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	cop	_	_
13	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	thirsty	thirsty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Refreshment | the feeling |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | fresh *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **rest** | participle |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, joking — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refreshment can mean a drink, sometimes an alcoholic one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:m3:1
# text = Refreshment can mean a drink, sometimes an alcoholic one.
1	Refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	alcoholic	alcoholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Refreshment | a drink and a alcoholic one |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refreshments will be served after the school concert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x1:1
# text = Refreshments will be served after the school concert.
1	Refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | future · passive |  | Refreshments |  |  | after the school concert |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The refreshment stall sold juice for 50p a cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x2:1
# text = The refreshment stall sold juice for 50p a cup.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	stall	stall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	p	p	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stopped at a café for some refreshment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x3:1
# text = We stopped at a café for some refreshment.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | We |  |  | a café for some refreshment |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at café=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light refreshments were provided at the meeting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x4:1
# text = Light refreshments were provided at the meeting.
1	Light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | past · passive |  | Light refreshments |  | the meeting |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cold glass of water was a real refreshment after the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x5:1
# text = A cold glass of water was a real refreshment after the race.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a cold glass of water | a real refreshment |  |  | after the race |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The refreshment tent was busy at the fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x6:1
# text = The refreshment tent was busy at the fair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the refreshment tent |  |  | the fair |  | busy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If each cup of tea costs 80 cents, how much do 6 refreshments cost?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x7:1
# text = If each cup of tea costs 80 cents, how much do 6 refreshments cost?
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	80	80	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
12	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	refreshments	refreshment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	compound	_	_
15	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | each cup of tea | 80 cents |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme cent=Value |
| 2 | **do** | present | each cup of tea *not said here* | much |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After travelling many stages and for many days, he reached a plain of marvellous beauty and refreshment.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refreshment:x8:1
# text = After travelling many stages and for many days, he reached a plain of marvellous beauty and refreshment.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stages	stage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	beauty	beauty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	refreshment	refreshment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | gerund | he *not said here* | many stages and many days |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stage=Trajectory |
| 2 | **reach** | past | he | a plain of marvellous beauty and refreshment |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent plain=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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