---
title: refrigeration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refrigeration» in the school dictionary: Refrigeration is keeping things cold, especially food and medicine, using a fridge, freezer or other cooling machine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refrigeration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Refrigeration, It, machines, Milk, people, germs · **What happens:** keep, use, mean, make, need, go · **To what, where:** things, fridge, technology, refrigeration, food, lakes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refrigeration» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refrigeration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refrigeration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refrigeration is keeping things cold, especially food and medicine, using a fridge, freezer or other cooling machine.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:m1:1
# text = Refrigeration is keeping things cold, especially food and medicine, using a fridge, freezer or other cooling machine.
1	Refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	freezer	freezer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	cooling	cooling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · progressive | Refrigeration | things |  |  |  | food and medicine *obl*; cold *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | gerund | Refrigeration *not said here* | a fridge and freezer or other cooling machine |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fridge=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It also means the technology and machines that make things cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:m2:1
# text = It also means the technology and machines that make things cold.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | It | the technology and machines |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent technology=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present | machines | things |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk needs refrigeration or it goes sour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x1:1
# text = Milk needs refrigeration or it goes sour.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Milk | refrigeration |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot refrigeration=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | present | Milk |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before refrigeration, people kept food cold with ice from lakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x2:1
# text = Before refrigeration, people kept food cold with ice from lakes.
1	Before	before	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | people | food |  | lakes | before refrigeration | with ice | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme before refrigeration=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vaccine must be kept under refrigeration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x3:1
# text = The vaccine must be kept under refrigeration.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | must · passive |  | the vaccine |  | refrigeration |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme under refrigeration=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refrigeration slows down the growth of germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x4:1
# text = Refrigeration slows down the growth of germs.
1	Refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slow down** | present | Refrigeration | the growth of germs |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent growth=Patient |
| 2 | **grow** |  | germs |  |  |  |  |  | nom growth «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ketchup bottle says "refrigeration after opening".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x5:1
# text = The ketchup bottle says "refrigeration after opening".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ketchup	ketchup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	opening	open	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the ketchup bottle | refrigeration |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent refrigeration=Topic |
| 2 | **open** *in a quote* | gerund | refrigeration *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lorries with refrigeration carry frozen food to shops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x6:1
# text = Lorries with refrigeration carry frozen food to shops.
1	Lorries	lorry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Lorries with refrigeration | frozen food |  | shops |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent food=Theme to shop=Destination |
| 2 | **freeze** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refrigeration changed how people shop and eat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refrigeration:x7:1
# text = Refrigeration changed how people shop and eat.
1	Refrigeration	refrigeration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Refrigeration | people shop |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shop=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present | Refrigeration *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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